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T1568 · command-and-control · 5 actors · 0 correlated reports

Dynamic Resolution

Adversaries may dynamically establish connections to command and control infrastructure to evade common detections and remediations. This may be achieved by using malware that shares a common algorithm with the infrastructure the adversary uses to receive the malware's communications. These calculations can be used to dynamically adjust parameters such as the domain name, IP address, or port number the malware uses for command and control. Adversaries may use dynamic resolution for the purpose of Fallback Channels. When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ dynamic resolution as a means to reestablishing command and control.

Open detection, hunting, mitigation, and evidence workspace

Detection logic

Detecting dynamically generated C2 can be challenging due to the number of different algorithms, constantly evolving malware families, and the increasing complexity of the algorithms. There are multiple approaches to detecting a pseudo-randomly generated domain name, including using frequency analysis, Markov chains, entropy, proportion of dictionary words, ratio of vowels to other characters, and more . CDN domains may trigger these detections due to the format of their domain names. In addition to detecting algorithm generated domains based on the name, another more general approach for detecting a suspicious domain is to check for recently registered names or for rarely visited domains.

Observed actors

Correlated CTI and IR reports

Cyber Knowledge context

Use these routes to move from the ATT&CK behavior into explanation, implementation, evidence handling, validation, and defensive operations. Relevance is generated from explicit identifiers/names and governed topic mappings; it is not attribution evidence.

MITRE mitigations

M1031 · Network Intrusion Prevention

Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries.

MITRE mitigation source
M1021 · Restrict Web-Based Content

Restricting web-based content involves enforcing policies and technologies that limit access to potentially malicious websites, unsafe downloads, and unauthorized browser behaviors. This can include URL filtering, download restrictions, script blocking, and extension control to protect against exploitation, phishing, and malware delivery. This mitigation can be implemented through the following measures: Deploy Web Proxy Filtering: - Use solutions to filter web traffic based on categories, reputation, and content types. - Enforce policies that block unsafe websites or file types at the gateway level. Enable DNS-Based Filtering: - Implement tools to restrict access to domains associated with malware or phishing campaigns. - Use public DNS filtering services to enhance protection. Enforce Content Security Policies (CSP): - Configure CSP headers on internal and external web applications to…

MITRE mitigation source

MITRE detection strategies and analytics

DET0039 · Detection Strategy for Dynamic Resolution across OS Platforms
  • AN0109 · Analytic 0109 — Correlate high-frequency or anomalous DNS query activity with processes that do not normally generate network requests (e.g., Office apps, system utilities). Detect pseudo-random or high-entropy domain lookups indicative of domain generation algorithms (DGAs).
  • AN0110 · Analytic 0110 — Monitor /var/log/audit/audit.log and DNS resolver logs for repeated failed lookups or connections to high-entropy domain names. Correlate suspicious DNS queries with process lineage (e.g., Python, bash, or unusual system daemons).
  • AN0111 · Analytic 0111 — Inspect unified logs for anomalous DNS resolutions triggered by non-network applications. Flag repeated connections to newly registered or algorithmically generated domains. Correlate with endpoint process telemetry.
  • AN0112 · Analytic 0112 — Monitor esxcli and syslog records for DNS resolver changes or repeated queries to unusual external domains by management agents. Detect unauthorized changes to VM or host network settings that redirect DNS lookups.
MITRE detection source

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