1200KM / simulation
T1476 Deliver Malicious Application via Other Means — Attack Simulation
Adversaries may direct victims to download malicious applications via ways that avoid an authorized application store (e.g. Google Play Store or Apple App Store). For example, victims may be directed to downloading a malicious APK directly from a domain. Adversaries may wish to avoid placing malicious applications in an authorized application store due to increased potential risk of detection or other reasons. Delivery methods for malicious…
Complete technique description
Adversaries may direct victims to download malicious applications via ways that avoid an authorized application store (e.g. Google Play Store or Apple App Store). For example, victims may be directed to downloading a malicious APK directly from a domain. Adversaries may wish to avoid placing malicious applications in an authorized application store due to increased potential risk of detection or other reasons.
Delivery methods for malicious applications include:
* Spearphishing Attachment: including the mobile application package as an attachment to an email * Spearphishing Link: including a link to the mobile application package within an email, text message (e.g. SMS, iMessage, WhatsApp, etc.), web site, QR code, or other means. * Third-Party Application Store: installing the mobile application package from a third-party application store, as opposed to an authorized app store that the device implicitly trusts as part of its default behavior. Third-party application stores may not apply the same level of scrutiny to applications as enforced by an authorized application store.[IBTimes-ThirdParty][TrendMicro-RootingMalware][TrendMicro-FlappyBird]
Some Android malware comes with functionality to install additional applications, either automatically or when the adversary instructs it to.[android-trojan-steals-paypal-2fa]
Official technique definition · Open in the interactive matrix
Detection telemetry and configuration
These contracts are selected through exact technique-to-data-component relationships or explicitly labelled planning overrides. Configure a collector at the relevant observation point; a telemetry name alone is not coverage.
No source-mapped collection contract is available for T1476. Read the technique-specific MITRE guidance below to determine what is observable and which party controls that data.
Detection rules and analytic guidance
Open the dedicated detection workspace · Existing query engineering
Source rule directory and observation requirements
No exact-tagged Sigma source rule was imported. This does not establish that the technique is undetectable; the MITRE guidance and collection requirements remain relevant.
Before treating a rule as coverage
- Read the actual condition and logsource; identify attacker-side, victim-side or third-party visibility.
- Map native sensor fields, parse times and identities, then compile for the selected backend.
- Replay a behavior-positive case, a normal control, an authorized look-alike and a missing-telemetry case.
- Record matches and misses with rule version and source events. No match is inconclusive when required telemetry is absent.
Anomaly-based detection
No exact technique-specific Atlas model is present for T1476 in the selected source snapshot. The following is a design worksheet, not a newly validated model.
Anomaly engineering worksheet
Start from the exact analytic above. The collection-specific lenses below are analyst recommendations; they do not assert that an arbitrary statistical deviation detects this technique.
Resolve the observation point before defining measurable features. Private attacker preparation can be outside victim visibility.
- Define an entity/peer group and feature; exclude the evaluation period from baseline training.
- Use representative normal and maintenance activity. Do not invent a production threshold from a synthetic example.
- Evaluate held-out behavior-positive and benign cases; measure false positives, misses and telemetry loss separately.
- Keep abnormality separate from maliciousness. Correlate with the behavior-specific source evidence.
Anomaly Detection Atlas · Baseline, validation and blind spots
Attack tools and documented software
No reviewed lab-tool association is selected for this exact technique. This is a curation gap, not a statement that no tool can implement the behavior.
Software observed in source procedures
These are exact ATT&CK software-use relationships, including malware. They provide behavior context, not recommendations to download or execute malware. No safety or detector claim is inherited.
31 source-documented software associations
- S0287 ZergHelper — malware.
ZergHelper has abused enterprise and personal certificates to sign and distribute applications.[Xiao-ZergHelper]
Exact relationship: relationship--2a287c91-2792-407f-a9ee-8153a802b7c6 - S0302 Twitoor — malware.
Twitoor has the ability to install adversary-specified applications.[ESET-Twitoor]
Exact relationship: relationship--6ee89b0e-a2ab-40c8-88fd-54f974ea00b1 - S0303 MazarBOT — malware.
MazarBOT has been delivered via an unsolicited text message containing a link to a web download URI.[Tripwire-MazarBOT]
Exact relationship: relationship--4fc45b06-287d-4151-9f5a-37bb34dcdeec - S0304 Android/Chuli.A — malware.
Android/Chuli.A has been delivered via a spearphishing message containing a malicious Android application as an attachment.[Kaspersky-WUC]
Exact relationship: relationship--f0a81b31-97ce-403b-90e9-7a910a93a31f - S0311 YiSpecter — malware.
YiSpecter has been signed with iOS enterprise certificates issued by Apple to allow the malicious applications to be installed as enterprise applications on non-jailbroken iOS devices.[PaloAlto-YiSpecter]
Exact relationship: relationship--9ea81224-70ef-46c2-89d4-2261c11789b4 - S0313 RuMMS — malware.
RuMMS has been delivered via an SMS message containing a link to an APK (Android application package).[FireEye-RuMMS]
Exact relationship: relationship--bbf13431-c3d2-4800-aada-273b3a47dcba - S0318 XLoader for Android — malware.
XLoader for Android has been distributed via phishing websites.[TrendMicro-XLoader-FakeSpy]
Exact relationship: relationship--9d087e80-c58e-45ed-bc5d-bc99e3e3e42e - S0326 RedDrop — malware.
RedDrop has used advertisements or other links within websites to encourage users to download the malicious applications using a complex content distribution network (CDN) and series of network redirects. RedDrop also downloads additional components (APKs, JAR files) from different C2 servers.[Wandera-RedDrop]
Exact relationship: relationship--a3ba222d-8dcd-4222-b1d0-169eff16922f - S0399 Pallas — malware.
Pallas has the ability to download and install attacker-specified applications.[Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018]
Exact relationship: relationship--32625429-e05a-48a5-8f0b-53c6046e9b1a - S0403 Riltok — malware.
Riltok has been distributed via phishing SMS messages from infected devices.[Kaspersky Riltok June 2019]
Exact relationship: relationship--0c53692d-16a1-4c25-8a3e-30802b2d0c7f - S0406 Gustuff — malware.
Gustuff has been distributed via SMS phishing messages to phone numbers exfiltrated from compromised devices’ contact lists.[Talos Gustuff Apr 2019]
Exact relationship: relationship--cfda3abb-4372-4dbf-ace3-b8d5a0a6ad60 - S0411 Rotexy — malware.
Rotexy has been distributed through phishing links sent in SMS messages as `AvitoPay.apk`.[securelist rotexy 2018]
Exact relationship: relationship--cbde808a-08b3-4afc-bb87-21acc4b767c1 - S0418 ViceLeaker — malware.
ViceLeaker has been primarily distributed via Telegram and WhatsApp messages.[SecureList - ViceLeaker 2019]
Exact relationship: relationship--986cb3bf-98bb-4558-bec4-bd8c015449fd - S0419 SimBad — malware.
SimBad has the ability to install adversary-specified applications.[CheckPoint SimBad 2019]
Exact relationship: relationship--03683255-a5fa-44ef-83b8-0bd55386c4b9 - S0421 GolfSpy — malware.
GolfSpy has the ability to install adversary-specified applications.[Trend Micro Bouncing Golf 2019]
Exact relationship: relationship--2a94bb7e-67af-4031-b4be-25c2a3ccd35c - S0422 Anubis — malware.
Anubis has been distributed via a phishing link in an email.[Cofense Anubis]
Exact relationship: relationship--c200184f-3d11-452c-8362-bb66337df1f5 - S0432 Bread — malware.
Bread has the ability to install additional applications.[Check Point-Joker]
Exact relationship: relationship--283f4e8e-07dc-4d22-84f9-536f9024307a - S0440 Agent Smith — malware.
Agent Smith has been distributed through the 9apps application store.[CheckPoint Agent Smith]
Exact relationship: relationship--e723fde7-7fa9-4ac8-a8ec-3fcbf097dbc8 - S0480 Cerberus — malware.
Cerberus has been delivered to the victim device via websites that prompt the user to “[…] install Adobe Flash Player,” downloading the malicious APK to the device.[Forbes Cerberus]
Exact relationship: relationship--f101c454-affd-432b-b08b-a8dd7513684a - S0490 XLoader for iOS — malware.
XLoader for iOS has been distributed via phishing SMS messages, which link to a malicious website hosting a device profile.[TrendMicro-XLoader-FakeSpy]
Exact relationship: relationship--a7c74081-2844-4f0a-9fcc-c30a98717798 - S0491 StrongPity — malware.
StrongPity has been distributed via a domain containing the word “dutch” and via a website impersonating the legitimate website shagle[.]com.[welivesec_strongpity]
Exact relationship: relationship--f5f001b0-5a2c-442f-a33e-296424be82c3 - S0506 ViperRAT — malware.
ViperRAT has been distributed through third party websites.[Lookout ViperRAT]
Exact relationship: relationship--336f139f-b771-48d4-a3d6-7ef94289d56e - S0507 eSurv — malware.
eSurv has been distributed via phishing websites with geo-restrictions that allow access to only Italian and Turkmenistani mobile carriers. eSurv also has the ability to install applications via malicious iOS provisioning profiles containing the developer’s certificate.[Lookout eSurv]
Exact relationship: relationship--7e189d23-1317-4c1d-a8b1-c5877eeb7a02 - S0509 FakeSpy — malware.
FakeSpy has been distributed via direct download links in SMS phishing messages.[Cybereason FakeSpy]
Exact relationship: relationship--979e6503-41a2-43f5-a30f-045272faa7d0 - S0522 Exobot — malware.
Exobot has been distributed using direct download links.[Threat Fabric Exobot]
Exact relationship: relationship--a6876100-1ed4-4c26-8de7-dc5ee09a8feb - S0524 AndroidOS/MalLocker.B — malware.
AndroidOS/MalLocker.B has been distributed using direct download links.[Microsoft MalLockerB]
Exact relationship: relationship--55ce7832-8322-4cb3-b300-1abae68ce2ac - S0539 Red Alert 2.0 — malware.
Red Alert 2.0 has been distributed via webpages designed to look like the Play Store.[Sophos Red Alert 2.0]
Exact relationship: relationship--7ba3b225-5446-4e9d-886b-1eb5c503e77a - S0540 Asacub — malware.
Asacub has been delivered via phishing SMS messages that contain a link to a website that hosts the malicious APK file.[Securelist Asacub]
Exact relationship: relationship--be92314d-bf3f-4a02-852b-3d1ab85e8d7d - S0544 HenBox — malware.
HenBox has been distributed via third-party application stores.[Palo Alto HenBox]
Exact relationship: relationship--cf09dc99-25fc-4434-82b0-ee6696e87f91 - S0558 Tiktok Pro — malware.
Tiktok Pro has been distributed via direct download on third party websites, with the link sent in phishing SMS messages.[Zscaler TikTok Spyware]
Exact relationship: relationship--71b8f72c-72da-4547-9729-0f60b11917c4 - S9040 NGate — malware.
NGate has been distributed via files[.]fm and through fake websites that mimic legitimate services, such as banking websites and Rio de Prêmios, a lottery website.[ESETStefankoOsmani_NGate_Aug2024][CERTPL_NGate_Nov2025][ESETStefanko_NGateVariant_Apr2026]
Exact relationship: relationship--4343ef82-8329-43e3-a6a2-116238fe2fcd
Simulation design and documented procedures
Atomic evidence: no compatible candidate in this snapshot. Live lab status: not run for these imported procedures.
Use owned test devices or emulators, disposable app accounts and test data. Verify platform/version instrumentation; desktop test procedures do not establish mobile coverage.
No compatible Atomic procedure is present in this pinned evidence set. Technical feasibility has not been ruled out. A custom procedure must define the behavior, target, collection point, success observable and rollback before execution.
Technique-specific experiment contract
- Choose one procedure implementing T1476 Deliver Malicious Application via Other Means; identify the observable behavior in the source definition, not just its tactic.
- Record exact target, tool/version, inputs, privileges, network limits and approval. Never run an imported default target automatically.
- Enable the collection sources above and verify a benign baseline reaches the detector.
- Run only the approved isolated scenario; capture native events and an independent behavior observable.
- Evaluate the exact rule/model, restore the lab, and preserve configuration, event hashes, alerts, controls and misses.
Synthetic logs and offline contract check
No synthetic event is invented when the relevant collection point is unresolved. Download the workbook and define the observable source with the system owner first.
Validation status and remaining work
- Source identity
- Joined by exact technique/object IDs against hash-pinned sources.
- Collection fixture
- Not supplied because no collection contract is available.
- Native telemetry / backend / real attack
- Not validated for these imported procedures. Source fidelity and page tests cannot establish sensor or detector effectiveness.
All-page audit and evidence inventory · This page’s machine-readable workbook
Sources and evidence boundaries
Pinned MITRE STIX source · SHA-256 824f7d8a37e7893b29e4c6ca6d87b5fbbf3b228ec6384f1a69ee20d523ff59e5. Definition and procedure context are reproduced from this snapshot, not independently re-investigated incidents.
Connected ecosystem references
Linked tags
Detection and collection
No reviewed association in this snapshot.
Related attack-tool pages
No reviewed association in this snapshot.
Pinned research references. No browser attack runner or production-validated detector is asserted. Imported procedures remain unvalidated; any bounded lab evidence has its own scope. ATT&CK / Atomic provenance · Detection provenance.