{"source_checked_on":"2026-10-19","schema_version":1,"key":"enterprise/T1041","id":"T1041","name":"Exfiltration Over C2 Channel","domain":"enterprise","reviewed_on":"2026-09-28","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041","source_file":{"file":"enterprise.json","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/20664a889568dce884a1dac0ec7b12ae3a199f51/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","sha256":"81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352","bytes":55271014},"source_object_sha256":"3bc77241e63ac273edf5c57048195d383731b7add8547ef4ca66a9a6462a80c2","description":"Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an existing command and control channel. Stolen data is encoded into the normal communications channel using the same protocol as command and control communications.(Citation: C2 FRAMEWORKS)","references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041","external_id":"T1041"},{"source_name":"C2 FRAMEWORKS","description":"Karen Patel, CEO. (2025, October 26). INTRODUCTION TO C2 FRAMEWORKS: HOW ATTACKERS OPERATE. Retrieved September 2, 2026.","url":"https://www.redfoxsec.com/blog/introduction-to-c2-frameworks-how-attackers-control-compromised-systems"}],"platforms":["ESXi","Linux","macOS","Windows"],"environments":["cloud-hosted-endpoint","onprem","virtualization"],"visibility":"source_mapped","visibility_note":null,"parent":null,"children":[],"telemetry":[{"id":"DC0055","name":"File Access","page":"telemetry/DC0055/","kind":"attack_component","category":"Windows and directory audit","description":"Access to file objects with user, process and access-right context.","collection_focus":"Enable Audit File System plus a narrow SACL on a lab directory; on Linux select path/syscall rules and join associated Audit records.","providers":[{"name":"Windows Security auditing","scope":"Policy-dependent account, object, task and logon records on the host that performs the operation.","source_id":"audit"}],"configuration":["Use a lab-only GPO under Computer Configuration → Windows Settings → Security Settings → Advanced Audit Policy Configuration. Enable the specific subcategory named below.","For object-level auditing, configure a narrow system access control list (SACL) on the test object in addition to policy. Do not audit an entire production directory by default.","Forward Security events from the responsible host or controller; retain subject and target identities, object identifiers, result and original XML. Confirm effective policy with auditpol /get /category:*."],"configuration_example":null,"required_fields":["path","access","actor","result"],"example":{"schema":"1200km.telemetry.example.v1","synthetic":true,"timestamp":"2026-09-27T12:00:00Z","telemetry_id":"DC0055","collector":"illustrative-lab-collector","observation":{"path":"C:\\Lab\\demo.txt","access":"read","actor":"LAB\\analyst","result":"success"}},"example_note":"Project-normalized synthetic JSON, not a native provider log, captured event, attack verdict or validated detection. A parser/adapter is required for a real SIEM. Example names, IPs and values are fictional.","limitations":"A policy checkbox alone does not guarantee an event. Host role, SACL, success/failure selection and audit policy precedence matter. Directory changes may arrive as multiple records.","sources":[{"id":"audit","title":"Microsoft advanced security audit policy","url":"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/advanced-security-audit-policy-settings"},{"id":"ad","title":"Microsoft Audit Directory Service Changes","url":"https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/audit-directory-service-changes"},{"id":"task","title":"Microsoft scheduled-task creation event 4698","url":"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4698"}],"association":"attack_component","anomaly_design":"Per principal, host and object: unusual access/request rates, new principal-object relationships, and changes outside approved administration windows. Control for service accounts and scheduled directory maintenance."},{"id":"DC0082","name":"Network Connection Creation","page":"telemetry/DC0082/","kind":"attack_component","category":"Endpoint activity","description":"Creation of an endpoint network connection linked to a process.","collection_focus":"Enable scoped Sysmon NetworkConnect (3), disabled by default, or a platform-equivalent process-aware network sensor.","providers":[{"name":"Microsoft Sysmon","scope":"Windows event-based collection; enable the event types needed below.","source_id":"sysmon"},{"name":"Linux Audit","scope":"Linux alternative for supported system-call and file events; different semantics and fields.","source_id":"linux"},{"name":"Apple Endpoint Security clients","scope":"macOS alternative where the subscribed event exists; requires an entitled, approved client, not an iOS collector.","source_id":"apple"}],"configuration":["On a disposable Windows host, review the installed Sysmon schema and current configuration; merge scoped event filters into the existing policy rather than replacing it.","Forward Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational to the lab collector. Preserve event ID, timestamp, computer, process identifiers and the original event.","For Linux or macOS, select the equivalent sensor separately and test its emitted fields; a Windows event ID does not transfer across platforms."],"configuration_example":null,"required_fields":["process_guid","destination_ip","destination_port","protocol","initiated"],"example":{"schema":"1200km.telemetry.example.v1","synthetic":true,"timestamp":"2026-09-27T12:00:00Z","telemetry_id":"DC0082","collector":"illustrative-lab-collector","observation":{"process_guid":"lab-process-001","destination_ip":"198.51.100.20","destination_port":443,"protocol":"tcp","initiated":true}},"example_note":"Project-normalized synthetic JSON, not a native provider log, captured event, attack verdict or validated detection. A parser/adapter is required for a real SIEM. Example names, IPs and values are fictional.","limitations":"Event filtering and sensor versions change coverage. High-volume image-load and process-access collection needs tuning; endpoint events alone do not establish intent.","sources":[{"id":"sysmon","title":"Microsoft Sysmon events and configuration","url":"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/sysmon"},{"id":"sysmon_config","title":"Microsoft Sysmon configuration files","url":"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/operating-system-security/sysmon/sysmon-configuration-files"},{"id":"linux","title":"Linux Audit rule configuration","url":"https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/auditctl.8.html"},{"id":"apple","title":"Apple Endpoint Security framework for macOS","url":"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/endpointsecurity"},{"id":"process_audit","title":"Microsoft process creation event 4688","url":"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4688"}],"association":"attack_component","anomaly_design":"Per host role and user: rare process/object combinations, bursts of object access or modification, and ordered parent/action sequences. Compare maintenance windows and signed software rollout activity."},{"id":"DC0085","name":"Network Traffic Content","page":"telemetry/DC0085/","kind":"attack_component","category":"Network and protocol telemetry","description":"Packet or decoded application-protocol content visible at a network sensor.","collection_focus":"Scope approved packet capture/protocol content collection to the lab flow; retain capture provenance and truncation indicators.","providers":[{"name":"Zeek","scope":"Connection and protocol metadata from traffic visible to the sensor.","source_id":"zeek"},{"name":"Suricata EVE","scope":"Configured flow, alert, DNS, HTTP, TLS and protocol records.","source_id":"suricata"}],"configuration":["Use an authorized lab TAP/SPAN, virtual mirror or gateway interface. Define which traffic crosses it; avoid assuming visibility into every segment.","Enable the required Zeek analyzers or Suricata EVE event types. Export logs with sensor identity, clock synchronization and flow correlation identifiers.","Monitor capture loss, truncation and exporter sampling. Capture payload only with approval and restrictive retention; encryption normally prevents plaintext inspection."],"configuration_example":null,"required_fields":["flow_id","protocol","method","path","payload_excerpt"],"example":{"schema":"1200km.telemetry.example.v1","synthetic":true,"timestamp":"2026-09-27T12:00:00Z","telemetry_id":"DC0085","collector":"illustrative-lab-collector","observation":{"flow_id":"lab-flow-1","protocol":"http","method":"GET","path":"/lab-check","payload_excerpt":"LAB_TELEMETRY_CHECK"}},"example_note":"Project-normalized synthetic JSON, not a native provider log, captured event, attack verdict or validated detection. A parser/adapter is required for a real SIEM. Example names, IPs and values are fictional.","limitations":"Flows are not packet payloads. NAT, asymmetric routes, encryption, missing mirrors and sampling can hide attribution or content. A destination connection alone does not prove malicious intent.","sources":[{"id":"zeek","title":"Zeek protocol and connection logs","url":"https://docs.zeek.org/en/current/reference/logs/index.html"},{"id":"zeek_start","title":"Zeek capture setup","url":"https://docs.zeek.org/en/current/quickstart.html"},{"id":"suricata","title":"Suricata EVE JSON output","url":"https://docs.suricata.io/en/latest/output/eve/eve-json-output.html"}],"association":"attack_component","anomaly_design":"Per source and observation point: connection rate, destination-host/port fan-out, response/failure ratio and previously unseen destinations. Compare equivalent time windows; separate authorized scanners, NAT and sampling effects."},{"id":"DC0078","name":"Network Traffic Flow","page":"telemetry/DC0078/","kind":"attack_component","category":"Network and protocol telemetry","description":"Connection/flow summaries such as endpoints, duration, byte counts and transport.","collection_focus":"Collect Zeek conn.log, Suricata flow events or exporter equivalents, including observation point and sampling settings.","providers":[{"name":"Zeek","scope":"Connection and protocol metadata from traffic visible to the sensor.","source_id":"zeek"},{"name":"Suricata EVE","scope":"Configured flow, alert, DNS, HTTP, TLS and protocol records.","source_id":"suricata"},{"name":"AWS VPC Flow Logs","scope":"IP traffic metadata alternative; no packet payload or DNS answer history, and some traffic is not logged.","source_id":"flow"}],"configuration":["Use an authorized lab TAP/SPAN, virtual mirror or gateway interface. Define which traffic crosses it; avoid assuming visibility into every segment.","Enable the required Zeek analyzers or Suricata EVE event types. Export logs with sensor identity, clock synchronization and flow correlation identifiers.","Monitor capture loss, truncation and exporter sampling. Capture payload only with approval and restrictive retention; encryption normally prevents plaintext inspection."],"configuration_example":null,"required_fields":["source_ip","destination_ip","destination_port","protocol","bytes_sent","bytes_received"],"example":{"schema":"1200km.telemetry.example.v1","synthetic":true,"timestamp":"2026-09-27T12:00:00Z","telemetry_id":"DC0078","collector":"illustrative-lab-collector","observation":{"source_ip":"192.0.2.10","destination_ip":"198.51.100.20","destination_port":443,"protocol":"tcp","bytes_sent":128,"bytes_received":512}},"example_note":"Project-normalized synthetic JSON, not a native provider log, captured event, attack verdict or validated detection. A parser/adapter is required for a real SIEM. Example names, IPs and values are fictional.","limitations":"Flows are not packet payloads. NAT, asymmetric routes, encryption, missing mirrors and sampling can hide attribution or content. A destination connection alone does not prove malicious intent.","sources":[{"id":"zeek","title":"Zeek protocol and connection logs","url":"https://docs.zeek.org/en/current/reference/logs/index.html"},{"id":"zeek_start","title":"Zeek capture setup","url":"https://docs.zeek.org/en/current/quickstart.html"},{"id":"suricata","title":"Suricata EVE JSON output","url":"https://docs.suricata.io/en/latest/output/eve/eve-json-output.html"},{"id":"flow","title":"AWS VPC Flow Logs","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/flow-logs.html"}],"association":"attack_component","anomaly_design":"Per source and observation point: connection rate, destination-host/port fan-out, response/failure ratio and previously unseen destinations. Compare equivalent time windows; separate authorized scanners, NAT and sampling effects."},{"id":"DC0032","name":"Process Creation","page":"telemetry/DC0032/","kind":"attack_component","category":"Endpoint activity","description":"Creation of a process with executable, command line, parent and security context.","collection_focus":"Collect Sysmon ProcessCreate (1); preserve ProcessGuid and parent identifiers. Security 4688 is an alternative with separate audit/command-line settings.","providers":[{"name":"Microsoft Sysmon","scope":"Windows event-based collection; enable the event types needed below.","source_id":"sysmon"},{"name":"Linux Audit","scope":"Linux alternative for supported system-call and file events; different semantics and fields.","source_id":"linux"},{"name":"Apple Endpoint Security clients","scope":"macOS alternative where the subscribed event exists; requires an entitled, approved client, not an iOS collector.","source_id":"apple"}],"configuration":["On a disposable Windows host, review the installed Sysmon schema and current configuration; merge scoped event filters into the existing policy rather than replacing it.","Forward Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational to the lab collector. Preserve event ID, timestamp, computer, process identifiers and the original event.","For Linux or macOS, select the equivalent sensor separately and test its emitted fields; a Windows event ID does not transfer across platforms."],"configuration_example":{"label":"Sysmon filter fragment · merge into the reviewed lab configuration","language":"xml","source_id":"sysmon_config","content":"<EventFiltering>\n  <ProcessCreate onmatch=\"include\">\n    <Image condition=\"is\">C:\\Windows\\System32\\whoami.exe</Image>\n  </ProcessCreate>\n</EventFiltering>","note":"This fragment only selects the named process. It is not a complete production policy. Inspect the installed schema with sysmon64 -s; preserve existing rules, then apply the reviewed complete configuration with sysmon64 -c <configuration-file>."},"required_fields":["process_guid","image","parent_image","command_line","user"],"example":{"schema":"1200km.telemetry.example.v1","synthetic":true,"timestamp":"2026-09-27T12:00:00Z","telemetry_id":"DC0032","collector":"illustrative-lab-collector","observation":{"process_guid":"lab-process-001","image":"C:\\Windows\\System32\\whoami.exe","parent_image":"C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe","command_line":"whoami","user":"LAB\\analyst"}},"example_note":"Project-normalized synthetic JSON, not a native provider log, captured event, attack verdict or validated detection. A parser/adapter is required for a real SIEM. Example names, IPs and values are fictional.","limitations":"Event filtering and sensor versions change coverage. High-volume image-load and process-access collection needs tuning; endpoint events alone do not establish intent.","sources":[{"id":"sysmon","title":"Microsoft Sysmon events and configuration","url":"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/sysmon"},{"id":"sysmon_config","title":"Microsoft Sysmon configuration files","url":"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/operating-system-security/sysmon/sysmon-configuration-files"},{"id":"linux","title":"Linux Audit rule configuration","url":"https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/auditctl.8.html"},{"id":"apple","title":"Apple Endpoint Security framework for macOS","url":"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/endpointsecurity"},{"id":"process_audit","title":"Microsoft process creation event 4688","url":"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4688"}],"association":"attack_component","anomaly_design":"Per host role and user: rare process/object combinations, bursts of object access or modification, and ordered parent/action sequences. Compare maintenance windows and signed software rollout activity."}],"detection":{"key":"enterprise/T1041","id":"T1041","name":"Exfiltration Over C2 Channel","domain":"enterprise","platforms":["ESXi","Linux","macOS","Windows"],"environments":["cloud-hosted-endpoint","onprem","virtualization"],"source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041","technique_page":"techniques/enterprise/T1041/","page":"detections/enterprise/T1041/","status":"rule_source_available","counts":{"sigma":2,"atlas_basic":1,"atlas_anomaly":1,"strategies":1,"analytics":4,"live_validated":0},"sigma_rules":[{"id":"b4e6b016-a2ac-4759-ad85-8000b300d61e","title":"OpenCanary - TFTP Request","status":"test","level":"high","logsource":{"category":"application","product":"opencanary"},"data_path":"data/detection-rules/b4e6b016-a2ac-4759-ad85-8000b300d61e.json","source_url":"https://github.com/anpa1200/sigma/blob/b249e9683190cffdcaf188ccbfb90bf4759844e1/rules/application/opencanary/opencanary_tftp_request.yml","author":"Security Onion Solutions","kind":"sigma"},{"id":"07837ab9-60e1-481f-a74d-c31fb496a94c","title":"Network Communication Initiated To Portmap.IO Domain","status":"test","level":"medium","logsource":{"category":"network_connection","product":"windows"},"data_path":"data/detection-rules/07837ab9-60e1-481f-a74d-c31fb496a94c.json","source_url":"https://github.com/anpa1200/sigma/blob/b249e9683190cffdcaf188ccbfb90bf4759844e1/rules/windows/network_connection/net_connection_win_domain_portmap.yml","author":"Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)","kind":"sigma"}],"atlas_basic":[{"id":"atlas-basic-t1041-1","technique_id":"T1041","title":"T1041 Exfiltration Over C2 Channel","kind":"basic","source_url":"https://1200km.com/anomaly-detection-atlas/attack-basic-detection-rule-catalog/#exfiltration","source_path":"docs/attack-basic-detection-rule-catalog.md","source_line":177,"pinned_source_url":"https://github.com/anpa1200/anomaly-detection-atlas/blob/e1f75007376022b2f596e413bea8612e514a5aa3/docs/attack-basic-detection-rule-catalog.md#L177","source_file_sha256":"396a87e3d8da74d170684c0f377fe5dc11cd1a486d4f2f89f7fbe94deaaa2a1e","source_row_sha256":"83503590e204a50063e0a45dbffb3e2722fe6cdd9d9b9d9158e3ea42fc5555c1","validation":"published_concept_not_executable_or_live_validated","logic":"SUM(outbound_bytes BY source_host AND destination, 15m) >= threshold AND destination NOT_IN approved_destinations -> ALERT","log_sources":[{"title":"Network Flow Logs","url":"https://1200km.com/anomaly-detection-atlas/security-log-source-taxonomy/#57-network-flow-logs"},{"title":"Network Firewall Logs","url":"https://1200km.com/anomaly-detection-atlas/security-log-source-taxonomy/#52-network-firewall-logs"},{"title":"Data Loss Prevention Logs","url":"https://1200km.com/anomaly-detection-atlas/security-log-source-taxonomy/#100-data-loss-prevention-logs"}]}],"atlas_anomaly":[{"id":"atlas-anomaly-t1041-1","technique_id":"T1041","title":"Large outbound transfer — T1041 Exfiltration Over C2 Channel","kind":"anomaly","source_url":"https://1200km.com/anomaly-detection-atlas/attack-statistical-anomaly-mapping/#large-outbound-transfer","source_path":"docs/attack-statistical-anomaly-mapping.md","source_line":101,"pinned_source_url":"https://github.com/anpa1200/anomaly-detection-atlas/blob/e1f75007376022b2f596e413bea8612e514a5aa3/docs/attack-statistical-anomaly-mapping.md#L101","source_file_sha256":"9d38eaa6306863918e8193f267fb063270260e50b013928dc97893d5e74bf144","source_row_sha256":"2d4d06d4c80ab28b6e5aea0a627afd101c163e9aa1dbac8e1f0f75c125940918","validation":"published_concept_not_executable_or_live_validated","comparison_unit":"source-destination flow.","expected_behavior":"outbound byte volume and destination relationships remain within an entity's normal range.","deviation":"extreme volume, new edge, or abrupt level shift.","anomaly_types":[{"title":"Volume Anomaly","url":"https://1200km.com/anomaly-detection-atlas/statistical-anomaly-taxonomy/#15-volume-anomaly"},{"title":"Tail Anomaly","url":"https://1200km.com/anomaly-detection-atlas/statistical-anomaly-taxonomy/#41-tail-anomaly"},{"title":"Edge Anomaly","url":"https://1200km.com/anomaly-detection-atlas/statistical-anomaly-taxonomy/#69-edge-anomaly"}],"log_sources":[{"title":"Network Flow Logs","url":"https://1200km.com/anomaly-detection-atlas/security-log-source-taxonomy/#57-network-flow-logs"},{"title":"Data Loss Prevention Logs","url":"https://1200km.com/anomaly-detection-atlas/security-log-source-taxonomy/#100-data-loss-prevention-logs"}],"context_references":[{"title":"FortiGuard Incident Response Report H1 2023 — downloaded copy","url":"https://1200km.com/anomaly-detection-atlas/reports/cti-ir/fortiguard-ir-h1-2023.pdf"},{"title":"original source","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/content/dam/fortinet/assets/threat-reports/report-fortiguard-incident-response-1h-2023.pdf"}]}],"anomaly_types":[{"title":"Edge Anomaly","url":"https://1200km.com/anomaly-detection-atlas/statistical-anomaly-taxonomy/#69-edge-anomaly"},{"title":"Tail Anomaly","url":"https://1200km.com/anomaly-detection-atlas/statistical-anomaly-taxonomy/#41-tail-anomaly"},{"title":"Volume Anomaly","url":"https://1200km.com/anomaly-detection-atlas/statistical-anomaly-taxonomy/#15-volume-anomaly"}],"strategies":[{"id":"DET0348","name":"Detection Strategy for Exfiltration Over C2 Channel","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348","stix_id":"x-mitre-detection-strategy--beb3a98c-f1a4-434a-81e7-29d178b14db2","relationship_id":"relationship--f8b1efaf-2f13-4844-a3f1-862619b88795","description":"","analytics":[{"id":"AN0988","name":"Analytic 0988","guidance":"Identifies suspicious outbound traffic volume mismatches from processes that typically do not generate network activity, particularly over C2 protocols like HTTPS, DNS, or custom TCP/UDP ports, following file or data access.","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348#AN0988","platforms":["Windows"],"tuning":[{"field":"DataVolumeThreshold","description":"Set threshold for outbound transfer size exceeding typical C2 traffic (e.g., >1MB in <5min)."},{"field":"KnownBenignProcesses","description":"List of approved processes that may exhibit high outbound traffic (e.g., updates)."}],"log_sources":[{"component_id":"DC0032","component":"Process Creation","name":"WinEventLog:Sysmon","channel":"EventCode=1","platforms":["Windows"],"analytic_id":"AN0988","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348#AN0988","validation":"upstream_definition_not_locally_validated","component_page":"telemetry/DC0032/"},{"component_id":"DC0082","component":"Network Connection Creation","name":"WinEventLog:Sysmon","channel":"EventCode=3, 22","platforms":["Windows"],"analytic_id":"AN0988","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348#AN0988","validation":"upstream_definition_not_locally_validated","component_page":"telemetry/DC0082/"},{"component_id":"DC0085","component":"Network Traffic Content","name":"NSM:Flow","channel":"Flow/PCAP analysis for outbound payloads","platforms":["Windows"],"analytic_id":"AN0988","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348#AN0988","validation":"upstream_definition_not_locally_validated","component_page":"telemetry/DC0085/"},{"component_id":"DC0055","component":"File Access","name":"WinEventLog:Security","channel":"EventCode=4663, 4670, 4656","platforms":["Windows"],"analytic_id":"AN0988","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348#AN0988","validation":"upstream_definition_not_locally_validated","component_page":"telemetry/DC0055/"}]},{"id":"AN0989","name":"Analytic 0989","guidance":"Monitors for processes reading sensitive files then immediately initiating unusual outbound connections or bulk transfer sessions over persistent sockets, particularly with encrypted or binary payloads.","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348#AN0989","platforms":["Linux"],"tuning":[{"field":"OutboundEntropyScore","description":"Threshold for high-entropy payloads indicative of encoded or encrypted exfil data."},{"field":"ConnectionDuration","description":"Defines length of time over which transfer size must be aggregated to trigger detection."}],"log_sources":[{"component_id":"DC0032","component":"Process Creation","name":"auditd:SYSCALL","channel":"execve","platforms":["Linux"],"analytic_id":"AN0989","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348#AN0989","validation":"upstream_definition_not_locally_validated","component_page":"telemetry/DC0032/"},{"component_id":"DC0082","component":"Network Connection Creation","name":"auditd:SYSCALL","channel":"connect","platforms":["Linux"],"analytic_id":"AN0989","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348#AN0989","validation":"upstream_definition_not_locally_validated","component_page":"telemetry/DC0082/"},{"component_id":"DC0085","component":"Network Traffic Content","name":"NSM:Flow","channel":"conn.log + files.log + ssl.log","platforms":["Linux"],"analytic_id":"AN0989","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348#AN0989","validation":"upstream_definition_not_locally_validated","component_page":"telemetry/DC0085/"},{"component_id":"DC0078","component":"Network Traffic Flow","name":"NSM:Flow","channel":"session stats with bytes_out > bytes_in","platforms":["Linux"],"analytic_id":"AN0989","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348#AN0989","validation":"upstream_definition_not_locally_validated","component_page":"telemetry/DC0078/"}]},{"id":"AN0990","name":"Analytic 0990","guidance":"Detects unauthorized applications or scripts accessing sensitive data followed by establishing encrypted outbound communication to rare external destinations or with abnormal byte ratios.","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348#AN0990","platforms":["macOS"],"tuning":[{"field":"ParentProcessAncestry","description":"Enables defenders to tune legitimate vs. suspicious lineage (e.g., launchd → curl is uncommon)."},{"field":"ProtocolList","description":"Focus detection on unusual protocols (e.g., IRC, FTP, DNS over HTTPS)."}],"log_sources":[{"component_id":"DC0085","component":"Network Traffic Content","name":"macos:unifiedlog","channel":"eventMessage = 'open', 'sendto', 'connect'","platforms":["macOS"],"analytic_id":"AN0990","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348#AN0990","validation":"upstream_definition_not_locally_validated","component_page":"telemetry/DC0085/"},{"component_id":"DC0078","component":"Network Traffic Flow","name":"macos:osquery","channel":"socket_events","platforms":["macOS"],"analytic_id":"AN0990","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348#AN0990","validation":"upstream_definition_not_locally_validated","component_page":"telemetry/DC0078/"},{"component_id":"DC0032","component":"Process Creation","name":"macos:osquery","channel":"process_events","platforms":["macOS"],"analytic_id":"AN0990","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348#AN0990","validation":"upstream_definition_not_locally_validated","component_page":"telemetry/DC0032/"}]},{"id":"AN0991","name":"Analytic 0991","guidance":"Detects VMs sending outbound traffic through non-standard services or to unknown destinations. Exfiltration over reverse shells tunneled via VMkernel or custom payloads routed via hostd/vpxa.","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/detectionstrategies/DET0348#AN0991","platforms":["ESXi"],"tuning":[{"field":"GuestOSAllowList","description":"Limit detection to sensitive or externally-exposed VMs handling confidential data."},{"field":"TransferSizeThresholdMB","description":"Minimum outbound transfer size before flagging anomalous C2-based exfiltration."},{"field":"ProtocolAllowList","description":"Define expected protocols for outbound data (e.g., disallow FTP/SCP over high ports)."}],"log_sources":[{"component_id":"DC0078","component":"Network Traffic Flow","name":"esxi:vpxa","channel":"connection attempts and data transmission 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Retrieved July 16, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"}]},{"id":"S0266","name":"TrickBot","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266","kind":"malware","description":"[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can send information about the compromised host and upload data to a hardcoded C2 server.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)(Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot VNC module Whitepaper 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--3ed5a1c3-e7c8-4fb7-bfcf-401b29f5f47c","references":[{"source_name":"Cyberreason Anchor December 2019","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. 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Retrieved January 26, 2022.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/03/bisonal-10-years-of-play.html"}]},{"id":"S0340","name":"Octopus","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340","kind":"malware","description":"[Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) has uploaded stolen files and data from a victim's machine over its C2 channel.(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)","relationship_id":"relationship--49267afd-b71b-4dd0-a68a-128e61f7bdfd","references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Octopus Oct 2018","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018.","url":"https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/"}]},{"id":"S0351","name":"Cannon","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351","kind":"malware","description":"[Cannon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351) exfiltrates collected data over email via SMTP/S and POP3/S C2 channels.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)","relationship_id":"relationship--48106cb0-a9c8-4c68-b90a-8d517078d189","references":[{"source_name":"Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018","description":"Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New ‘Cannon’ Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/"}]},{"id":"S0356","name":"KONNI","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356","kind":"malware","description":"[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) has sent data and files to its C2 server.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)(Citation: Malwarebytes Konni Aug 2021)(Citation: Malwarebytes KONNI Evolves Jan 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--c6761f22-a8ed-4a9a-8d58-e8eee38ead88","references":[{"source_name":"Talos Konni May 2017","description":"Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html"},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes KONNI Evolves Jan 2022","description":"Santos, R. (2022, January 26). KONNI evolves into stealthier RAT. Retrieved April 13, 2022.","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2022/01/konni-evolves-into-stealthier-rat/"},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Konni Aug 2021","description":"Threat Intelligence Team. (2021, August 23). New variant of Konni malware used in campaign targetting Russia. Retrieved January 5, 2022.","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2021/08/new-variant-of-konni-malware-used-in-campaign-targetting-russia/"}]},{"id":"S0363","name":"Empire","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363","kind":"tool","description":"[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can send data gathered from a target through the command and control channel.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--39d1a7ed-2388-4611-9886-915a3604c300","references":[{"source_name":"Talos Frankenstein June 2019","description":"Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrieved May 11, 2020.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html"},{"source_name":"Github PowerShell Empire","description":"Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.","url":"https://github.com/PowerShellEmpire/Empire"}]},{"id":"S0367","name":"Emotet","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367","kind":"malware","description":"[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has exfiltrated data over its C2 channel.(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Binary Defense Emotes Wi-Fi Spreader)","relationship_id":"relationship--5201448e-f009-4c24-abb5-9382383dc42d","references":[{"source_name":"Binary Defense Emotes Wi-Fi Spreader","description":"Binary Defense. (n.d.). Emotet Evolves With new Wi-Fi Spreader. Retrieved September 8, 2023.","url":"https://www.binarydefense.com/resources/blog/emotet-evolves-with-new-wi-fi-spreader/"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019","description":"Trend Micro. (2019, January 16). Exploring Emotet's Activities . Retrieved March 25, 2019.","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/ExploringEmotetsActivities_Final.pdf"}]},{"id":"S0373","name":"Astaroth","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373","kind":"malware","description":"[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) exfiltrates collected information from its r1.log file to the external C2 server. (Citation: Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--76b77ff0-54db-40bd-910b-2776c714075d","references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019","description":"Salem, E. (2019, February 13). ASTAROTH MALWARE USES LEGITIMATE OS AND ANTIVIRUS PROCESSES TO STEAL PASSWORDS AND PERSONAL DATA. Retrieved April 17, 2019.","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/information-stealing-malware-targeting-brazil-full-research"}]},{"id":"S0375","name":"Remexi","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375","kind":"malware","description":"[Remexi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375) performs exfiltration over [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190), which is also used for the C2 channel.(Citation: Securelist Remexi Jan 2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--551c4e98-3dfb-472b-8fa8-6a8961dfd418","references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Remexi Jan 2019","description":"Legezo, D. (2019, January 30). Chafer used Remexi malware to spy on Iran-based foreign diplomatic entities. Retrieved April 17, 2019.","url":"https://securelist.com/chafer-used-remexi-malware/89538/"}]},{"id":"S0376","name":"HOPLIGHT","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376","kind":"malware","description":"[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has used its C2 channel to exfiltrate data.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t","relationship_id":"relationship--7101e112-c694-498f-be15-c0790f5d8547","references":[{"source_name":"US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019","description":"US-CERT. (2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 – North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR19-100A"}]},{"id":"S0377","name":"Ebury","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377","kind":"malware","description":"[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) exfiltrates a list of outbound and inbound SSH sessions using OpenSSH's `known_host` files and `wtmp` records. [Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) can exfiltrate SSH credentials through custom DNS queries or use the command `Xcat` to send the process's ssh session's credentials to the C2 server.(Citation: ESET Windigo Mar 2014)(Citation: ESET Ebury May 2024) ","relationship_id":"relationship--e6ce13c0-7a23-4974-bacc-187eedd9c6da","references":[{"source_name":"ESET Windigo Mar 2014","description":"Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., Léveillé, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. (2014, March 18). Operation Windigo – the vivisection of a large Linux server‑side credential‑stealing malware campaign. Retrieved February 10, 2021.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/03/18/operation-windigo-the-vivisection-of-a-large-linux-server-side-credential-stealing-malware-campaign/"},{"source_name":"ESET Ebury May 2024","description":"Marc-Etienne M.Léveillé. (2024, May 1). Ebury is alive but unseen. Retrieved May 21, 2024.","url":"https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/ebury-is-alive-but-unseen.pdf"}]},{"id":"S0381","name":"FlawedAmmyy","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381","kind":"malware","description":"[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) has sent data collected from a compromised host to its C2 servers.(Citation: Korean FSI TA505 2020)","relationship_id":"relationship--9b77175f-5bf4-4f4e-a064-55d88babf1fe","references":[{"source_name":"Korean FSI TA505 2020","description":"Financial Security Institute. (2020, February 28). Profiling of TA505 Threat Group That Continues to Attack the Financial Sector. Retrieved July 14, 2022.","url":"https://www.fsec.or.kr/user/bbs/fsec/163/344/bbsDataView/1382.do?page=1&column=&search=&searchSDate=&searchEDate=&bbsDataCategory="}]},{"id":"S0385","name":"njRAT","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385","kind":"malware","description":"[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) has used C2 infrastructure to receive stolen information from the infected machine including screenshots and other system information.(Citation: Trend Micro njRAT 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky BlindEagle AUG 2024)\t","relationship_id":"relationship--b5f8197f-d703-461a-ba51-6e7749dd8367","references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky BlindEagle AUG 2024","description":"Global Research & Analysis Team, Kaspersky. (2024, August 19). BlindEagle flying high in Latin America. Retrieved April 16, 2026.","url":"https://securelist.com/blindeagle-apt/113414/"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro njRAT 2018","description":"Pascual, C. (2018, November 27). AutoIt-Compiled Worm Affecting Removable Media Delivers Fileless Version of BLADABINDI/njRAT Backdoor. Retrieved June 4, 2019.","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/autoit-compiled-worm-affecting-removable-media-delivers-fileless-version-of-bladabindi-njrat-backdoor/"}]},{"id":"S0386","name":"Ursnif","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386","kind":"malware","description":"[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used HTTP POSTs to exfil gathered information.(Citation: TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015)(Citation: FireEye Ursnif Nov 2017)(Citation: ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016)","relationship_id":"relationship--42de94e7-86f3-41d9-9e01-45fff8be1451","references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015","description":"Caragay, R. (2015, March 26). URSNIF: The Multifaceted Malware. Retrieved June 5, 2019.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210719165945/https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/15/c/ursnif-the-multifaceted-malware.html?_ga=2.165628854.808042651.1508120821-744063452.1505819992"},{"source_name":"ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016","description":"Proofpoint Staff. (2016, August 25). Nightmare on Tor Street: Ursnif variant Dreambot adds Tor functionality. Retrieved June 5, 2019.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ursnif-variant-dreambot-adds-tor-functionality"},{"source_name":"FireEye Ursnif Nov 2017","description":"Vaish, A. & Nemes, S. (2017, November 28). Newly Observed Ursnif Variant Employs Malicious TLS Callback Technique to Achieve Process Injection. Retrieved June 5, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/11/ursnif-variant-malicious-tls-callback-technique.html"}]},{"id":"S0391","name":"HAWKBALL","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0391","kind":"malware","description":"[HAWKBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0391) has sent system information and files over the C2 channel.(Citation: FireEye HAWKBALL Jun 2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--7ac3aabb-ed01-4e7f-a247-e043261a1c3b","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye HAWKBALL Jun 2019","description":"Patil, S. and Williams, M.. (2019, June 5). Government Sector in Central Asia Targeted With New HAWKBALL Backdoor Delivered via Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities. Retrieved June 20, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/government-in-central-asia-targeted-with-hawkball-backdoor.html"}]},{"id":"S0395","name":"LightNeuron","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395","kind":"malware","description":"[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) exfiltrates data over its email C2 channel.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--3b6f4d0d-352f-4e0f-8a7d-5b843a21295a","references":[{"source_name":"ESET LightNeuron May 2019","description":"Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf"}]},{"id":"S0409","name":"Machete","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409","kind":"malware","description":"[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409)'s collected data is exfiltrated over the same channel used for C2.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--18e170d7-ff3f-450b-9366-cea23216b60e","references":[{"source_name":"ESET Machete July 2019","description":"ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf"}]},{"id":"S0428","name":"PoetRAT","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428","kind":"malware","description":"[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has exfiltrated data over the C2 channel.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT October 2020)","relationship_id":"relationship--03f69381-89e2-411a-8302-323c8a1bddfa","references":[{"source_name":"Talos PoetRAT October 2020","description":"Mercer, W. Rascagneres, P. Ventura, V. (2020, October 6). PoetRAT: Malware targeting public and private sector in Azerbaijan evolves . Retrieved April 9, 2021.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/10/poetrat-update.html"}]},{"id":"S0431","name":"HotCroissant","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431","kind":"malware","description":"[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to download files from the infected host to the command and control (C2) server.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)","relationship_id":"relationship--1678d731-c556-4968-aab1-ae745015308f","references":[{"source_name":"Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020","description":"Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020.","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/"}]},{"id":"S0434","name":"Imminent Monitor","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0434","kind":"tool","description":"[Imminent Monitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0434) has uploaded a file containing debugger logs, network information and system information to the C2.(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--aac7b4ce-93ee-4feb-83da-3b2600ad75b0","references":[{"source_name":"QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019","description":"QiAnXin Threat Intelligence Center. (2019, February 18). APT-C-36: Continuous Attacks Targeting Colombian Government Institutions and Corporations. Retrieved May 5, 2020.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190625182633if_/https://ti.360.net/blog/articles/apt-c-36-continuous-attacks-targeting-colombian-government-institutions-and-corporations-en/"}]},{"id":"S0438","name":"Attor","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438","kind":"malware","description":"[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438) has exfiltrated data over the C2 channel.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--7f7bf7a4-4f3a-48a6-bc19-4a139ba165a0","references":[{"source_name":"ESET Attor Oct 2019","description":"Hromcova, Z. (2019, October). AT COMMANDS, TOR-BASED COMMUNICATIONS: MEET ATTOR, A FANTASY CREATURE AND ALSO A SPY PLATFORM. Retrieved May 6, 2020.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Attor.pdf"}]},{"id":"S0439","name":"Okrum","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0439","kind":"malware","description":"Data exfiltration is done by [Okrum](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0439) using the already opened channel with the C2 server.(Citation: ESET Okrum July 2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--743a0baf-8d6d-4e4a-a72b-0413a5d49594","references":[{"source_name":"ESET Okrum July 2019","description":"Hromcova, Z. (2019, July). OKRUM AND KETRICAN: AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT KE3CHANG GROUP ACTIVITY. Retrieved May 6, 2020.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ESET_Okrum_and_Ketrican.pdf"}]},{"id":"S0441","name":"PowerShower","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441","kind":"malware","description":"[PowerShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441) has used a PowerShell document stealer module to pack and exfiltrate .txt, .pdf, .xls or .doc files smaller than 5MB that were modified during the past two days.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--8b02b838-22f8-469b-97f1-7185b06d286a","references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019","description":"GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020.","url":"https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/"}]},{"id":"S0445","name":"ShimRatReporter","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445","kind":"tool","description":"[ShimRatReporter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445) sent generated reports to the C2 via HTTP POST requests.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)","relationship_id":"relationship--06317104-8397-453e-bef8-aa3269360ffc","references":[{"source_name":"FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang","description":"Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020.","url":"https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf"}]},{"id":"S0447","name":"Lokibot","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447","kind":"malware","description":"[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has the ability to initiate contact with command and control (C2) to exfiltrate stolen data.(Citation: FSecure Lokibot November 2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--7cafb7b2-5227-4340-b531-7bd134645d30","references":[{"source_name":"FSecure Lokibot November 2019","description":"Kazem, M. (2019, November 25). Trojan:W32/Lokibot. Retrieved May 15, 2020.","url":"https://www.f-secure.com/v-descs/trojan_w32_lokibot.shtml"}]},{"id":"S0448","name":"Rising Sun","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0448","kind":"malware","description":"[Rising Sun](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0448) can send data gathered from the infected machine via HTTP POST request to the C2.(Citation: McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018)\t","relationship_id":"relationship--b3aa93e7-534f-4bd7-8df7-ed9dfa8ccccc","references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018","description":"Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A., et. al.. (2018, December 18). Operation Sharpshooter Campaign Targets Global Defense, Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved May 14, 2020.","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-sharpshooter.pdf"}]},{"id":"S0455","name":"Metamorfo","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455","kind":"malware","description":"[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) can send the data it collects to the C2 server.(Citation: ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019) ","relationship_id":"relationship--4e18e63e-acb5-48fc-8935-eb4416929745","references":[{"source_name":"ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019","description":"ESET Research. (2019, October 3). Casbaneiro: peculiarities of this banking Trojan that affects Brazil and Mexico. Retrieved September 23, 2021.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/10/03/casbaneiro-trojan-dangerous-cooking/"}]},{"id":"S0459","name":"MechaFlounder","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0459","kind":"malware","description":"[MechaFlounder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0459) has the ability to send the compromised user's account name and hostname within a URL to C2.(Citation: Unit 42 MechaFlounder March 2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--03341b9d-6848-4430-a868-b2bc61b357ba","references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 MechaFlounder March 2019","description":"Falcone, R. (2019, March 4). New Python-Based Payload MechaFlounder Used by Chafer. Retrieved May 27, 2020.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-python-based-payload-mechaflounder-used-by-chafer/"}]},{"id":"S0461","name":"SDBbot","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0461","kind":"malware","description":"[SDBbot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0461) has sent collected data from a compromised host to its C2 servers.(Citation: Korean FSI TA505 2020)","relationship_id":"relationship--afc6e4e4-2bcc-47b7-bc0d-2866d4e1dcda","references":[{"source_name":"Korean FSI TA505 2020","description":"Financial Security Institute. (2020, February 28). Profiling of TA505 Threat Group That Continues to Attack the Financial Sector. Retrieved July 14, 2022.","url":"https://www.fsec.or.kr/user/bbs/fsec/163/344/bbsDataView/1382.do?page=1&column=&search=&searchSDate=&searchEDate=&bbsDataCategory="}]},{"id":"S0467","name":"TajMahal","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467","kind":"malware","description":"[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) has the ability to send collected files over its C2.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--655005cc-a289-4878-8dc0-64f0c7d167c4","references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019","description":"GReAT. (2019, April 10). Project TajMahal – a sophisticated new APT framework. Retrieved October 14, 2019.","url":"https://securelist.com/project-tajmahal/90240/"}]},{"id":"S0476","name":"Valak","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476","kind":"malware","description":"[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) has the ability to exfiltrate data over the C2 channel.(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: SentinelOne Valak June 2020)","relationship_id":"relationship--8ae91ec7-32ed-46a2-9bc2-1c7b856c3cc7","references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Valak July 2020","description":"Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/"},{"source_name":"SentinelOne Valak June 2020","description":"Reaves, J. and Platt, J. (2020, June). Valak Malware and the Connection to Gozi Loader ConfCrew. Retrieved August 31, 2020.","url":"https://assets.sentinelone.com/labs/sentinel-one-valak-i"},{"source_name":"Cybereason Valak May 2020","description":"Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020.","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye"}]},{"id":"S0477","name":"Goopy","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477","kind":"malware","description":"[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has the ability to exfiltrate data over the Microsoft Outlook C2 channel.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)","relationship_id":"relationship--db296410-83e6-4716-af90-ae4b7e7f3171","references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017","description":"Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.","url":"https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"}]},{"id":"S0484","name":"Carberp","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484","kind":"malware","description":"[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has exfiltrated data via HTTP to already established C2 servers.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)(Citation: Trusteer Carberp October 2010)","relationship_id":"relationship--30c0f7aa-473d-42c3-81ff-f39c6f21ee52","references":[{"source_name":"Prevx Carberp March 2011","description":"Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved September 12, 2024.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231227000328/http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf"},{"source_name":"Trusteer Carberp October 2010","description":"Trusteer Fraud Prevention Center. (2010, October 7). Carberp Under the Hood of Carberp: Malware & Configuration Analysis. Retrieved July 15, 2020.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111004014029/http://www.trusteer.com/sites/default/files/Carberp_Analysis.pdf"}]},{"id":"S0487","name":"Kessel","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487","kind":"malware","description":"[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) has exfiltrated information gathered from the infected system to the C2 server.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)","relationship_id":"relationship--acd25956-0e08-4643-a121-33f20eb4b24c","references":[{"source_name":"ESET ForSSHe December 2018","description":"Dumont, R., M.Léveillé, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. 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Retrieved November 13, 2020.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/"}]},{"id":"S0533","name":"SLOTHFULMEDIA","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533","kind":"malware","description":"[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) has sent system information to a C2 server via HTTP and HTTPS POST requests.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)","relationship_id":"relationship--0c6329d8-4f00-4b3b-aa82-3bc2e9f14766","references":[{"source_name":"CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020","description":"DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 – Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. 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Retrieved December 4, 2020.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/12/02/turla-crutch-keeping-back-door-open/"}]},{"id":"S0543","name":"Spark","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543","kind":"malware","description":"[Spark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543) has exfiltrated data over the C2 channel.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ","relationship_id":"relationship--d7ce8b92-ada4-4e8f-b073-5a497de7156a","references":[{"source_name":"Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020","description":"Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/"}]},{"id":"S0568","name":"EVILNUM","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0568","kind":"malware","description":"[EVILNUM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0568) can upload files over the C2 channel from the infected host.(Citation: Prevailion EvilNum May 2020) ","relationship_id":"relationship--8167df91-ca5b-4a65-b94e-a40e6d54ad40","references":[{"source_name":"Prevailion EvilNum May 2020","description":"Adamitis, D. (2020, May 6). Phantom in the Command Shell. Retrieved November 17, 2024.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221209052853/https://www.prevailion.com/phantom-in-the-command-shell-2/"}]},{"id":"S0572","name":"Caterpillar WebShell","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572","kind":"malware","description":"[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) can upload files over the C2 channel.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ","relationship_id":"relationship--a1c31042-ca50-4bcc-bd05-20eb48c655ef","references":[{"source_name":"ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). “Lebanese Cedar” APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. 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Retrieved March 11, 2021.","url":"https://www.leonardo.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf"}]},{"id":"S0588","name":"GoldMax","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588","kind":"malware","description":"[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) can exfiltrate files over the existing C2 channel.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--dd06ea48-6dde-4753-8f2b-c2fb56bea4f4","references":[{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021","description":"Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM’s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021.","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/"},{"source_name":"FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021","description":"Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html"}]},{"id":"S0595","name":"ThiefQuest","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595","kind":"malware","description":"[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) exfiltrates targeted file extensions in the <code>/Users/</code> folder to the command and control server via unencrypted HTTP. Network packets contain a string with two pieces of information: a file path and the contents of the file in a base64 encoded string.(Citation: wardle evilquest partii)(Citation: reed thiefquest ransomware analysis)","relationship_id":"relationship--7cfc1c10-b3d5-4e9e-907e-7379c3771161","references":[{"source_name":"wardle evilquest partii","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2020, July 3). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part ii: insidious capabilities. Retrieved March 21, 2021.","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x60.html"},{"source_name":"reed thiefquest ransomware analysis","description":"Thomas Reed. (2020, July 7). Mac ThiefQuest malware may not be ransomware after all. Retrieved March 22, 2021.","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/mac/2020/07/mac-thiefquest-malware-may-not-be-ransomware-after-all/"}]},{"id":"S0600","name":"Doki","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0600","kind":"malware","description":"[Doki](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0600) has used Ngrok to establish C2 and exfiltrate data.(Citation: Intezer Doki July 20)","relationship_id":"relationship--55af3bd0-d523-4394-99c6-182114c5cdc2","references":[{"source_name":"Intezer Doki July 20","description":"Fishbein, N., Kajiloti, M.. (2020, July 28). Watch Your Containers: Doki Infecting Docker Servers in the Cloud. Retrieved March 30, 2021.","url":"https://www.intezer.com/blog/cloud-security/watch-your-containers-doki-infecting-docker-servers-in-the-cloud/"}]},{"id":"S0603","name":"Stuxnet","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603","kind":"malware","description":"[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) sends compromised victim information via HTTP.(Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011)","relationship_id":"relationship--6f950d42-13f2-48e0-9ecf-3c48d7562460","references":[{"source_name":"Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011","description":"Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved November 17, 2024.","url":"https://docs.broadcom.com/doc/security-response-w32-stuxnet-dossier-11-en"}]},{"id":"S0604","name":"Industroyer","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604","kind":"malware","description":"[Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) sends information about hardware profiles and previously-received commands back to the C2 server in a POST-request.(Citation: ESET Industroyer)","relationship_id":"relationship--987786d7-5f2f-4fdd-b5cb-fddadc9982c8","references":[{"source_name":"ESET Industroyer","description":"Anton Cherepanov. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial controls systems. Retrieved December 18, 2020.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf"}]},{"id":"S0610","name":"SideTwist","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0610","kind":"malware","description":"[SideTwist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0610) has exfiltrated data over its C2 channel.(Citation: Check Point APT34 April 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--ae81a84a-e7a6-4f9d-b412-3f91b012f052","references":[{"source_name":"Check Point APT34 April 2021","description":"Check Point. (2021, April 8). Iran’s APT34 Returns with an Updated Arsenal. Retrieved May 5, 2021.","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/irans-apt34-returns-with-an-updated-arsenal/"}]},{"id":"S0615","name":"SombRAT","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0615","kind":"malware","description":"[SombRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0615) has uploaded collected data and files from a compromised host to its C2 server.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)","relationship_id":"relationship--9afc4866-c607-4af6-bd71-eef0ab16c7b6","references":[{"source_name":"BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020","description":"The BlackBerry Research and Intelligence Team. (2020, November 12). The CostaRicto Campaign: Cyber-Espionage Outsourced. Retrieved May 24, 2021.","url":"https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/11/the-costaricto-campaign-cyber-espionage-outsourced"}]},{"id":"S0622","name":"AppleSeed","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0622","kind":"malware","description":"[AppleSeed](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0622) can exfiltrate files via the C2 channel.(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--9ee16333-0c70-4d8a-8fc7-ab81e4fe389a","references":[{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021","description":"Jazi, H. (2021, June 1). Kimsuky APT continues to target South Korean government using AppleSeed backdoor. Retrieved June 10, 2021.","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2021/06/kimsuky-apt-continues-to-target-south-korean-government-using-appleseed-backdoor/"}]},{"id":"S0632","name":"GrimAgent","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0632","kind":"malware","description":"[GrimAgent](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0632) has sent data related to a compromise host over its C2 channel.(Citation: Group IB GrimAgent July 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--f187aa90-df6c-485c-bc01-dec83aca9625","references":[{"source_name":"Group IB GrimAgent July 2021","description":"Priego, A. (2021, July). THE BROTHERS GRIM: THE REVERSING TALE OF GRIMAGENT MALWARE USED BY RYUK. Retrieved September 19, 2024.","url":"https://www.group-ib.com/blog/grimagent/"}]},{"id":"S0633","name":"Sliver","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0633","kind":"tool","description":"[Sliver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0633) can exfiltrate files from the victim using the <code>download</code> command.(Citation: GitHub Sliver Download)","relationship_id":"relationship--c6f2fa29-30fd-45c1-8adf-ed621771bd5d","references":[{"source_name":"GitHub Sliver Download","description":"BishopFox. (n.d.). Sliver Download. Retrieved September 16, 2021.","url":"https://github.com/BishopFox/sliver/blob/7489c69962b52b09ed377d73d142266564845297/client/command/filesystem/download.go"}]},{"id":"S0649","name":"SMOKEDHAM","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0649","kind":"malware","description":"[SMOKEDHAM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0649) has exfiltrated data to its C2 server.(Citation: FireEye SMOKEDHAM June 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--9e26a79d-1982-46b8-b077-0bb6ca30cd3b","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye SMOKEDHAM June 2021","description":"FireEye. (2021, June 16). Smoking Out a DARKSIDE Affiliate’s Supply Chain Software Compromise. Retrieved September 22, 2021.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/06/darkside-affiliate-supply-chain-software-compromise.html"}]},{"id":"S0650","name":"QakBot","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650","kind":"malware","description":"[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) can send stolen information to C2 nodes including passwords, accounts, and emails.(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--41c5b24c-6e33-43b4-ad7e-ebe7506d33b9","references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky QakBot September 2021","description":"Kuzmenko, A. et al. (2021, September 2). QakBot technical analysis. Retrieved September 27, 2021.","url":"https://securelist.com/qakbot-technical-analysis/103931/"}]},{"id":"S0651","name":"BoxCaon","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0651","kind":"malware","description":"[BoxCaon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0651) uploads files and data from a compromised host over the existing C2 channel.(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--7cf62137-2a28-4a11-b64d-8b9409656bc9","references":[{"source_name":"Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021","description":"CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. Retrieved September 24, 2021.","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/"}]},{"id":"S0652","name":"MarkiRAT","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0652","kind":"malware","description":"[MarkiRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0652) can exfiltrate locally stored data via its C2.(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--87039f89-ab04-4851-be9b-403a599a8c8e","references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021","description":"GReAT. (2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. Retrieved September 22, 2021.","url":"https://securelist.com/ferocious-kitten-6-years-of-covert-surveillance-in-iran/102806/"}]},{"id":"S0657","name":"BLUELIGHT","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0657","kind":"malware","description":"[BLUELIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0657) has exfiltrated data over its C2 channel.(Citation: Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--4113ccd6-1134-4cef-bf5b-aca9a2364c82","references":[{"source_name":"Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021","description":"Cash, D., Grunzweig, J., Meltzer, M., Adair, S., Lancaster, T. (2021, August 17). North Korean APT InkySquid Infects Victims Using Browser Exploits. Retrieved September 30, 2021.","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/08/17/north-korean-apt-inkysquid-infects-victims-using-browser-exploits/"}]},{"id":"S0658","name":"XCSSET","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0658","kind":"malware","description":"[XCSSET](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0658) retrieves files that match the pattern defined in the INAME_QUERY variable within the user's home directory, such as `*test.txt`, and are below a specific size limit. It then archives the files and exfiltrates the data over its C2 channel.(Citation: trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020)(Citation: Microsoft March 2025 XCSSET)","relationship_id":"relationship--399b8688-1fe9-4fa6-a984-7c01f9319a38","references":[{"source_name":"trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020","description":"Mac Threat Response, Mobile Research Team. (2020, August 13). The XCSSET Malware: Inserts Malicious Code Into Xcode Projects, Performs UXSS Backdoor Planting in Safari, and Leverages Two Zero-day Exploits. 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Retrieved December 20, 2021.","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/operation-north-star-behind-the-scenes/"}]},{"id":"S0680","name":"LitePower","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0680","kind":"malware","description":"[LitePower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0680) can send collected data, including screenshots, over its C2 channel.(Citation: Kaspersky WIRTE November 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--d61aad08-1ad3-4cba-a8e6-a8106089a635","references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky WIRTE November 2021","description":"Yamout, M. (2021, November 29). WIRTE’s campaign in the Middle East ‘living off the land’ since at least 2019. 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Retrieved March 3, 2022.","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Cyclops-Blink-Malware-Analysis-Report.pdf"}]},{"id":"S0692","name":"SILENTTRINITY","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0692","kind":"tool","description":"[SILENTTRINITY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0692) can transfer files from an infected host to the C2 server.(Citation: GitHub SILENTTRINITY Modules July 2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--9f5398d3-f9fe-4abc-bf10-1112f106b3d5","references":[{"source_name":"GitHub SILENTTRINITY Modules July 2019","description":"Salvati, M. (2019, August 6). SILENTTRINITY Modules. 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Retrieved March 25, 2022.","url":"https://insight-jp.nttsecurity.com/post/102hf3q/flagpro-the-new-malware-used-by-blacktech"}]},{"id":"S1016","name":"MacMa","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1016","kind":"malware","description":"[MacMa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1016) exfiltrates data from a supplied path over its C2 channel.(Citation: ESET DazzleSpy Jan 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--8a0f5351-66d4-410d-9427-ff58420fc173","references":[{"source_name":"ESET DazzleSpy Jan 2022","description":"M.Léveillé, M., Cherepanov, A.. (2022, January 25). Watering hole deploys new macOS malware, DazzleSpy, in Asia. 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Retrieved June 9, 2022.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ukraine-targeted-outsteel-saintbot/"}]},{"id":"S1019","name":"Shark","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1019","kind":"malware","description":"[Shark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1019) has the ability to upload files from the compromised host over a DNS or HTTP C2 channel.(Citation: ClearSky Siamesekitten August 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--08482fa2-6db3-4c82-8ca0-9d666454f2c6","references":[{"source_name":"ClearSky Siamesekitten August 2021","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security . (2021, August). New Iranian Espionage Campaign By “Siamesekitten” - Lyceum. 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Retrieved June 14, 2022.","url":"https://vblocalhost.com/uploads/VB2021-Kayal-etal.pdf"}]},{"id":"S1021","name":"DnsSystem","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1021","kind":"malware","description":"[DnsSystem](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1021) can exfiltrate collected data to its C2 server.(Citation: Zscaler Lyceum DnsSystem June 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--185bd112-5e1f-4059-9e42-b8b80874e8f2","references":[{"source_name":"Zscaler Lyceum DnsSystem June 2022","description":"Shivtarkar, N. and Kumar, A. (2022, June 9). Lyceum .NET DNS Backdoor. Retrieved June 23, 2022.","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/lyceum-net-dns-backdoor"}]},{"id":"S1022","name":"IceApple","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1022","kind":"malware","description":"[IceApple](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1022)'s Multi File Exfiltrator module can exfiltrate multiple files from a compromised host as an HTTP response over C2.(Citation: CrowdStrike IceApple May 2022) ","relationship_id":"relationship--64b3a1a6-42c3-4874-a081-e620577f5cfd","references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike IceApple May 2022","description":"CrowdStrike. (2022, May). ICEAPPLE: A NOVEL INTERNET INFORMATION SERVICES (IIS) POST-EXPLOITATION FRAMEWORK. Retrieved June 27, 2022.","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/crowdstrike-iceapple-a-novel-internet-information-services-post-exploitation-framework.pdf"}]},{"id":"S1024","name":"CreepySnail","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1024","kind":"malware","description":"[CreepySnail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1024) can connect to C2 for data exfiltration.(Citation: Microsoft POLONIUM June 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--ca4d01b7-6e5b-4e4f-8b0a-2d1eaccefa01","references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft POLONIUM June 2022","description":"Microsoft. (2022, June 2). Exposing POLONIUM activity and infrastructure targeting Israeli organizations. Retrieved July 1, 2022.","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/06/02/exposing-polonium-activity-and-infrastructure-targeting-israeli-organizations/"}]},{"id":"S1025","name":"Amadey","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1025","kind":"malware","description":"[Amadey](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1025) has sent victim data to its C2 servers.(Citation: BlackBerry Amadey 2020)","relationship_id":"relationship--52fb33e7-e53c-4d1f-b052-d3e373a64672","references":[{"source_name":"BlackBerry Amadey 2020","description":"Kasuya, M. (2020, January 8). Threat Spotlight: Amadey Bot Targets Non-Russian Users. Retrieved July 14, 2022.","url":"https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/01/threat-spotlight-amadey-bot"}]},{"id":"S1026","name":"Mongall","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1026","kind":"malware","description":"[Mongall](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1026) can upload files and information from a compromised host to its C2 server.(Citation: SentinelOne Aoqin Dragon June 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--c1bf0daf-42e0-426a-ba8a-ba892f688963","references":[{"source_name":"SentinelOne Aoqin Dragon June 2022","description":"Chen, Joey. (2022, June 9). Aoqin Dragon | Newly-Discovered Chinese-linked APT Has Been Quietly Spying On Organizations For 10 Years. Retrieved July 14, 2022.","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/aoqin-dragon-newly-discovered-chinese-linked-apt-has-been-quietly-spying-on-organizations-for-10-years/"}]},{"id":"S1029","name":"AuTo Stealer","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1029","kind":"malware","description":"[AuTo Stealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1029) can exfiltrate data over actor-controlled C2 servers via HTTP or TCP.(Citation: MalwareBytes SideCopy Dec 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--684ee30a-a6c6-45c0-a592-1d77eaad6bb8","references":[{"source_name":"MalwareBytes SideCopy Dec 2021","description":"Threat Intelligence Team. (2021, December 2). SideCopy APT: Connecting lures victims, payloads to infrastructure. Retrieved June 13, 2022.","url":"https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2021/12/sidecopy-apt-connecting-lures-to-victims-payloads-to-infrastructure"}]},{"id":"S1030","name":"Squirrelwaffle","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1030","kind":"malware","description":"[Squirrelwaffle](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1030) has exfiltrated victim data using HTTP POST requests to its C2 servers.(Citation: ZScaler Squirrelwaffle Sep 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--246b5a38-8569-4145-af9a-0078f398e1d1","references":[{"source_name":"ZScaler Squirrelwaffle Sep 2021","description":"Kumar, A., Stone-Gross, Brett. (2021, September 28). Squirrelwaffle: New Loader Delivering Cobalt Strike. Retrieved August 9, 2022.","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/squirrelwaffle-new-loader-delivering-cobalt-strike"}]},{"id":"S1031","name":"PingPull","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1031","kind":"malware","description":"[PingPull](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1031) has the ability to exfiltrate stolen victim data through its C2 channel.(Citation: Unit 42 PingPull Jun 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--f72dda85-719d-4e6f-bac8-2589934ae6dd","references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 PingPull Jun 2022","description":"Unit 42. (2022, June 13). GALLIUM Expands Targeting Across Telecommunications, Government and Finance Sectors With New PingPull Tool. Retrieved August 7, 2022.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/pingpull-gallium/"}]},{"id":"S1034","name":"StrifeWater","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1034","kind":"malware","description":"[StrifeWater](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1034) can send data and files from a compromised host to its C2 server.(Citation: Cybereason StrifeWater Feb 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--8b953ac7-23b8-4ddc-90a3-7c9d17fc4f54","references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason StrifeWater Feb 2022","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. (2022, February 1). StrifeWater RAT: Iranian APT Moses Staff Adds New Trojan to Ransomware Operations. Retrieved August 15, 2022.","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/research/strifewater-rat-iranian-apt-moses-staff-adds-new-trojan-to-ransomware-operations"}]},{"id":"S1037","name":"STARWHALE","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1037","kind":"malware","description":"[STARWHALE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1037) can exfiltrate collected data to its C2 servers.(Citation: DHS CISA AA22-055A MuddyWater February 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--401c021f-60eb-49ae-8019-561c2785b12f","references":[{"source_name":"DHS CISA AA22-055A MuddyWater February 2022","description":"FBI, CISA, CNMF, NCSC-UK. (2022, February 24). Iranian Government-Sponsored Actors Conduct Cyber Operations Against Global Government and Commercial Networks. Retrieved September 27, 2022.","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-055a"}]},{"id":"S1039","name":"Bumblebee","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1039","kind":"malware","description":"[Bumblebee](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1039) can send collected data in JSON format to C2.(Citation: Google EXOTIC LILY March 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--1d11c326-7640-4ddd-b5fe-c8eaf4097c20","references":[{"source_name":"Google EXOTIC LILY March 2022","description":"Stolyarov, V. (2022, March 17). Exposing initial access broker with ties to Conti. Retrieved August 18, 2022.","url":"https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/exposing-initial-access-broker-ties-conti/"}]},{"id":"S1042","name":"SUGARDUMP","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1042","kind":"malware","description":"[SUGARDUMP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1042) has sent stolen credentials and other data to its C2 server.(Citation: Mandiant UNC3890 Aug 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--2211dd80-6ab2-4d3b-90fd-3ae19e75b64f","references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant UNC3890 Aug 2022","description":"Mandiant Israel Research Team. (2022, August 17). Suspected Iranian Actor Targeting Israeli Shipping, Healthcare, Government and Energy Sectors. Retrieved September 21, 2022.","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/suspected-iranian-actor-targeting-israeli-shipping"}]},{"id":"S1044","name":"FunnyDream","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1044","kind":"malware","description":"[FunnyDream](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1044) can execute commands, including gathering user information, and send the results to C2.(Citation: Bitdefender FunnyDream Campaign November 2020)","relationship_id":"relationship--6ccbfb65-9be0-4b7c-947a-fb686e64985a","references":[{"source_name":"Bitdefender FunnyDream Campaign November 2020","description":"Vrabie, V. (2020, November). Dissecting a Chinese APT Targeting South Eastern Asian Government Institutions. Retrieved September 19, 2022.","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/379/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-Chinese-APT.pdf"}]},{"id":"S1050","name":"PcShare","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1050","kind":"tool","description":"[PcShare](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1050) can upload files and information from a compromised host to its C2 servers.(Citation: Bitdefender FunnyDream Campaign November 2020)","relationship_id":"relationship--c7f04f79-4bda-4abf-8f74-4faad8a09f19","references":[{"source_name":"Bitdefender FunnyDream Campaign November 2020","description":"Vrabie, V. (2020, November). Dissecting a Chinese APT Targeting South Eastern Asian Government Institutions. Retrieved September 19, 2022.","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/379/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-Chinese-APT.pdf"}]},{"id":"S1059","name":"metaMain","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1059","kind":"malware","description":"[metaMain](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1059) can upload collected files and data to its C2 server.(Citation: SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--ae2aeca3-098f-42f2-a35e-e0d206ba84f7","references":[{"source_name":"SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022","description":"SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023.","url":"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm"}]},{"id":"S1060","name":"Mafalda","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1060","kind":"malware","description":"[Mafalda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1060) can send network system data and files to its C2 server.(Citation: SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--8fbcd4e8-d2b5-408c-8b3a-1e990833705b","references":[{"source_name":"SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022","description":"Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023.","url":"https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1"}]},{"id":"S1064","name":"SVCReady","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1064","kind":"malware","description":"[SVCReady](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1064) can send collected data in JSON format to its C2 server.(Citation: HP SVCReady Jun 2022) ","relationship_id":"relationship--4b2de33f-c8cf-48dc-aa6d-524460bb3e24","references":[{"source_name":"HP SVCReady Jun 2022","description":"Schlapfer, Patrick. (2022, June 6). A New Loader Gets Ready. Retrieved December 13, 2022.","url":"https://threatresearch.ext.hp.com/svcready-a-new-loader-reveals-itself/"}]},{"id":"S1065","name":"Woody RAT","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1065","kind":"malware","description":"[Woody RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1065) can exfiltrate files from an infected machine to its C2 server.(Citation: MalwareBytes WoodyRAT Aug 2022) ","relationship_id":"relationship--344bbf55-0316-49d0-a5ab-c5f79d218908","references":[{"source_name":"MalwareBytes WoodyRAT Aug 2022","description":"MalwareBytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2022, August 3). Woody RAT: A new feature-rich malware spotted in the wild. Retrieved December 6, 2022.","url":"https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/threat-intelligence/2022/08/woody-rat-a-new-feature-rich-malware-spotted-in-the-wild"}]},{"id":"S1075","name":"KOPILUWAK","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1075","kind":"malware","description":"[KOPILUWAK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1075) has exfiltrated collected data to its C2 via POST requests.(Citation: Mandiant Suspected Turla Campaign February 2023)","relationship_id":"relationship--a5931b14-3087-4fc5-8167-498fc1af23f1","references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant Suspected Turla Campaign February 2023","description":"Hawley, S. et al. (2023, February 2). Turla: A Galaxy of Opportunity. Retrieved May 15, 2023.","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/turla-galaxy-opportunity"}]},{"id":"S1078","name":"RotaJakiro","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1078","kind":"malware","description":"[RotaJakiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1078) sends device and other collected data back to the C2 using the established C2 channels over TCP. (Citation: RotaJakiro 2021 netlab360 analysis)","relationship_id":"relationship--efcc09fb-4c15-4a58-9bc5-b92747eae842","references":[{"source_name":"RotaJakiro 2021 netlab360 analysis","description":" Alex Turing, Hui Wang. (2021, April 28). RotaJakiro: A long live secret backdoor with 0 VT detection. Retrieved June 14, 2023.","url":"https://blog.netlab.360.com/stealth_rotajakiro_backdoor_en/"}]},{"id":"S1081","name":"BADHATCH","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1081","kind":"malware","description":"[BADHATCH](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1081) can exfiltrate data over the C2 channel.(Citation: Gigamon BADHATCH Jul 2019)(Citation: BitDefender BADHATCH Mar 2021) ","relationship_id":"relationship--f4dc0552-707f-453b-96c9-5e757a408e53","references":[{"source_name":"Gigamon BADHATCH Jul 2019","description":"Savelesky, K., et al. (2019, July 23). ABADBABE 8BADFOOD: Discovering BADHATCH and a Detailed Look at FIN8's Tooling. Retrieved September 8, 2021.","url":"https://blog.gigamon.com/2019/07/23/abadbabe-8badf00d-discovering-badhatch-and-a-detailed-look-at-fin8s-tooling/"},{"source_name":"BitDefender BADHATCH Mar 2021","description":"Vrabie, V., et al. (2021, March 10). FIN8 Returns with Improved BADHATCH Toolkit. Retrieved September 8, 2021.","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/394/Bitdefender-PR-Whitepaper-BADHATCH-creat5237-en-EN.pdf"}]},{"id":"S1089","name":"SharpDisco","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1089","kind":"malware","description":"[SharpDisco](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1089) can load a plugin to exfiltrate stolen files to SMB shares also used in C2.(Citation: MoustachedBouncer ESET August 2023)","relationship_id":"relationship--7b28dace-9c62-4226-9878-dee480f541d4","references":[{"source_name":"MoustachedBouncer ESET August 2023","description":"Faou, M. (2023, August 10). MoustachedBouncer: Espionage against foreign diplomats in Belarus. Retrieved September 25, 2023.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/moustachedbouncer-espionage-against-foreign-diplomats-in-belarus/"}]},{"id":"S1090","name":"NightClub","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1090","kind":"malware","description":"[NightClub](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1090) can use SMTP and DNS for file exfiltration and C2.(Citation: MoustachedBouncer ESET August 2023)","relationship_id":"relationship--1fec545d-436a-4b70-8ab8-87d217956b8f","references":[{"source_name":"MoustachedBouncer ESET August 2023","description":"Faou, M. (2023, August 10). MoustachedBouncer: Espionage against foreign diplomats in Belarus. Retrieved September 25, 2023.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/moustachedbouncer-espionage-against-foreign-diplomats-in-belarus/"}]},{"id":"S1111","name":"DarkGate","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1111","kind":"malware","description":"[DarkGate](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1111) uses existing command and control channels to retrieve captured cryptocurrency wallet credentials.(Citation: Ensilo Darkgate 2018)","relationship_id":"relationship--48118305-47d1-4803-9057-6be6b0d2187a","references":[{"source_name":"Ensilo Darkgate 2018","description":"Adi Zeligson & Rotem Kerner. (2018, November 13). Enter The DarkGate - New Cryptocurrency Mining and Ransomware Campaign. Retrieved February 9, 2024.","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/enter-the-darkgate-new-cryptocurrency-mining-and-ransomware-campaign"}]},{"id":"S1122","name":"Mispadu","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1122","kind":"malware","description":"[Mispadu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1122) can sends the collected financial data to the C2 server.(Citation: ESET Security Mispadu Facebook Ads 2019)(Citation: SCILabs Malteiro 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--c349ffd1-a380-4855-af78-8d8d180cc6b9","references":[{"source_name":"ESET Security Mispadu Facebook Ads 2019","description":"ESET Security. (2019, November 19). Mispadu: Advertisement for a discounted Unhappy Meal. Retrieved March 13, 2024.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/11/19/mispadu-advertisement-discounted-unhappy-meal/"},{"source_name":"SCILabs Malteiro 2021","description":"SCILabs. (2021, December 23). Cyber Threat Profile Malteiro. Retrieved March 13, 2024.","url":"https://blog.scilabs.mx/en/cyber-threat-profile-malteiro/"}]},{"id":"S1132","name":"IPsec Helper","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1132","kind":"malware","description":"[IPsec Helper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1132) exfiltrates specific files through its command and control framework.(Citation: SentinelOne Agrius 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--b5edabf5-4ebd-4863-821e-98ba78fcd712","references":[{"source_name":"SentinelOne Agrius 2021","description":"Amitai Ben & Shushan Ehrlich. (2021, May). From Wiper to Ransomware: The Evolution of Agrius. Retrieved May 21, 2024.","url":"https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs/evol-agrius"}]},{"id":"S1142","name":"LunarMail","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1142","kind":"malware","description":"[LunarMail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1142) can use email image attachments with embedded data for receiving C2 commands and data exfiltration.(Citation: ESET Turla Lunar toolset May 2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--3199779f-80be-44fa-8f21-9623e8473381","references":[{"source_name":"ESET Turla Lunar toolset May 2024","description":"Jurčacko, F. (2024, May 15). To the Moon and back(doors): Lunar landing in diplomatic missions. Retrieved June 26, 2024.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/moon-backdoors-lunar-landing-diplomatic-missions/"}]},{"id":"S1145","name":"Pikabot","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1145","kind":"malware","description":"During the initial [Pikabot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1145) command and control check-in, [Pikabot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1145) will transmit collected system information encrypted using RC4.(Citation: Elastic Pikabot 2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--69cbfe97-c712-4ffe-ac32-b1ce605e516c","references":[{"source_name":"Elastic Pikabot 2024","description":"Daniel Stepanic & Salim Bitam. (2024, February 23). PIKABOT, I choose you!. Retrieved July 12, 2024.","url":"https://www.elastic.co/security-labs/pikabot-i-choose-you"}]},{"id":"S1148","name":"Raccoon Stealer","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1148","kind":"malware","description":"[Raccoon Stealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1148) uses existing HTTP-based command and control channels for exfiltration.(Citation: S2W Racoon 2022)(Citation: Sekoia Raccoon1 2022)(Citation: Sekoia Raccoon2 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--a9325bef-18be-4646-9e7b-5e7af4795f18","references":[{"source_name":"Sekoia Raccoon2 2022","description":"Pierre Le Bourhis, Quentin Bourgue, & Sekoia TDR. (2022, June 29). Raccoon Stealer v2 - Part 2: In-depth analysis. Retrieved August 1, 2024.","url":"https://blog.sekoia.io/raccoon-stealer-v2-part-2-in-depth-analysis/"},{"source_name":"Sekoia Raccoon1 2022","description":"Quentin Bourgue, Pierre le Bourhis, & Sekoia TDR. (2022, June 28). Raccoon Stealer v2 - Part 1: The return of the dead. Retrieved August 1, 2024.","url":"https://blog.sekoia.io/raccoon-stealer-v2-part-1-the-return-of-the-dead/"},{"source_name":"S2W Racoon 2022","description":"S2W TALON. (2022, June 16). Raccoon Stealer is Back with a New Version. Retrieved August 1, 2024.","url":"https://medium.com/s2wblog/raccoon-stealer-is-back-with-a-new-version-5f436e04b20d"}]},{"id":"S1149","name":"CHIMNEYSWEEP","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1149","kind":"malware","description":"[CHIMNEYSWEEP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1149)  can upload collected files to the command-and-control server.(Citation: Mandiant ROADSWEEP August 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--6d28f0c8-b835-4a42-b792-bb7660e47ee7","references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant ROADSWEEP August 2022","description":"Jenkins, L. at al. (2022, August 4). ROADSWEEP Ransomware - Likely Iranian Threat Actor Conducts Politically Motivated Disruptive Activity Against Albanian Government Organizations. Retrieved August 6, 2024.","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/likely-iranian-threat-actor-conducts-politically-motivated-disruptive-activity-against/"}]},{"id":"S1153","name":"Cuckoo Stealer","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1153","kind":"malware","description":"[Cuckoo Stealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1153) can send information about the targeted system to C2 including captured passwords, OS build, hostname, and username.(Citation: Kandji Cuckoo April 2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--6d148641-2f9b-42af-ab5b-eee715ff14f6","references":[{"source_name":"Kandji Cuckoo April 2024","description":"Kohler, A. and Lopez, C. (2024, April 30). Malware: Cuckoo Behaves Like Cross Between Infostealer and Spyware. Retrieved August 20, 2024.","url":"https://www.kandji.io/blog/malware-cuckoo-infostealer-spyware"}]},{"id":"S1156","name":"Manjusaka","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1156","kind":"malware","description":"[Manjusaka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1156) data exfiltration takes place over HTTP channels.(Citation: Talos Manjusaka 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--56b308f6-0ec9-42cd-8fc7-147c8ecd5c40","references":[{"source_name":"Talos Manjusaka 2022","description":"Asheer Malhotra & Vitor Ventura. (2022, August 2). Manjusaka: A Chinese sibling of Sliver and Cobalt Strike. Retrieved September 4, 2024.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/manjusaka-offensive-framework/"}]},{"id":"S1159","name":"DUSTTRAP","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1159","kind":"malware","description":"[DUSTTRAP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1159) can exfiltrate collected data over C2 channels.(Citation: Google Cloud APT41 2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--bccb0bfa-f105-4a07-8078-0bbb7adf9073","references":[{"source_name":"Google Cloud APT41 2024","description":"Mike Stokkel et al. (2024, July 18). APT41 Has Arisen From the DUST. Retrieved September 16, 2024.","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/apt41-arisen-from-dust"}]},{"id":"S1160","name":"Latrodectus","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1160","kind":"malware","description":"\n[Latrodectus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1160) can exfiltrate encrypted system information to the C2 server.(Citation: Latrodectus APR 2024)(Citation: Bitsight Latrodectus June 2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--84afb7d8-4b2f-4995-a14c-a24b45d314fc","references":[{"source_name":"Bitsight Latrodectus June 2024","description":"Batista, J. (2024, June 17). Latrodectus, are you coming back?. Retrieved September 13, 2024.","url":"https://www.bitsight.com/blog/latrodectus-are-you-coming-back"},{"source_name":"Latrodectus APR 2024","description":"Proofpoint Threat Research and Team Cymru S2 Threat Research. (2024, April 4). Latrodectus: This Spider Bytes Like Ice . Retrieved May 31, 2024.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/latrodectus-spider-bytes-ice"}]},{"id":"S1166","name":"Solar","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1166","kind":"malware","description":"[Solar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1166) can send staged files to C2 for exfiltration.(Citation: ESET OilRig Campaigns Sep 2023)","relationship_id":"relationship--8c7806ba-febb-45a0-93d1-3d5ee4ce8aa8","references":[{"source_name":"ESET OilRig Campaigns Sep 2023","description":"Hromcova, Z. and Burgher, A. (2023, September 21). OilRig’s Outer Space and Juicy Mix: Same ol’ rig, new drill pipes. Retrieved November 21, 2024.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/oilrigs-outer-space-juicy-mix-same-ol-rig-new-drill-pipes/"}]},{"id":"S1169","name":"Mango","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1169","kind":"malware","description":"[Mango](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1169) can use its HTTP C2 channel for exfiltration.(Citation: ESET OilRig Campaigns Sep 2023)","relationship_id":"relationship--921181fc-7296-4d9d-9209-86d2094bf0bd","references":[{"source_name":"ESET OilRig Campaigns Sep 2023","description":"Hromcova, Z. and Burgher, A. (2023, September 21). OilRig’s Outer Space and Juicy Mix: Same ol’ rig, new drill pipes. Retrieved November 21, 2024.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/oilrigs-outer-space-juicy-mix-same-ol-rig-new-drill-pipes/"}]},{"id":"S1170","name":"ODAgent","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1170","kind":"malware","description":"[ODAgent](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1170) can use an attacker-controlled OneDrive account to receive C2 commands and to exfiltrate files.(Citation: ESET OilRig Downloaders DEC 2023)","relationship_id":"relationship--a481278b-01b8-47f0-9bf9-af24de713b05","references":[{"source_name":"ESET OilRig Downloaders DEC 2023","description":"Hromcova, Z. and Burgher, A. (2023, December 14). OilRig’s persistent attacks using cloud service-powered downloaders. Retrieved November 26, 2024.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/oilrig-persistent-attacks-cloud-service-powered-downloaders/"}]},{"id":"S1172","name":"OilBooster","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1172","kind":"malware","description":"[OilBooster](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1172) can use an actor-controlled OneDrive account for C2 communication and exfiltration.(Citation: ESET OilRig Downloaders DEC 2023)","relationship_id":"relationship--0116fbf2-4402-41af-bc5b-216e0e27c2db","references":[{"source_name":"ESET OilRig Downloaders DEC 2023","description":"Hromcova, Z. and Burgher, A. (2023, December 14). OilRig’s persistent attacks using cloud service-powered downloaders. Retrieved November 26, 2024.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/oilrig-persistent-attacks-cloud-service-powered-downloaders/"}]},{"id":"S1173","name":"PowerExchange","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1173","kind":"malware","description":"[PowerExchange](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1173) can exfiltrate files via its email C2 channel.(Citation: Symantec Crambus OCT 2023)","relationship_id":"relationship--43fbea18-9a70-4f7f-90c1-2103661185d7","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Crambus OCT 2023","description":"Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2023, October 19). Crambus: New Campaign Targets Middle Eastern Government. Retrieved November 27, 2024.","url":"https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/crambus-middle-east-government"}]},{"id":"S1178","name":"ShrinkLocker","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1178","kind":"malware","description":"[ShrinkLocker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1178) will exfiltrate victim system information along with the encryption key via an HTTP POST.(Citation: Kaspersky ShrinkLocker 2024)(Citation: Splunk ShrinkLocker 2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--89cff2ee-e94a-4707-8da4-078aef71dfa4","references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky ShrinkLocker 2024","description":"Cristian Souza, Eduardo Ovalle, Ashley Muñoz, & Christopher Zachor. (2024, May 23). ShrinkLocker: Turning BitLocker into ransomware. Retrieved December 7, 2024.","url":"https://securelist.com/ransomware-abuses-bitlocker/112643/"},{"source_name":"Splunk ShrinkLocker 2024","description":"Splunk Threat Research Team , Teoderick Contreras. (2024, September 5). ShrinkLocker Malware: Abusing BitLocker to Lock Your Data. Retrieved December 7, 2024.","url":"https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/shrinklocker-malware-abusing-bitlocker-to-lock-your-data.html"}]},{"id":"S1182","name":"MagicRAT","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1182","kind":"malware","description":"[MagicRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1182) exfiltrates data via HTTP over existing command and control channels.(Citation: Cisco MagicRAT 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--9daabee7-614e-499a-be20-e39a404f15ee","references":[{"source_name":"Cisco MagicRAT 2022","description":"Asheer Malhotra, Vitor Ventura & Jungsoo An, Cisco Talos. (2022, September 7). MagicRAT: Lazarus’ latest gateway into victim networks. Retrieved December 30, 2024.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/lazarus-magicrat/"}]},{"id":"S1183","name":"StrelaStealer","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1183","kind":"malware","description":"[StrelaStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1183) exfiltrates collected email credentials via HTTP POST to command and control servers.(Citation: DCSO StrelaStealer 2022)(Citation: PaloAlto StrelaStealer 2024)(Citation: Fortgale StrelaStealer 2023)(Citation: IBM StrelaStealer 2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--0e08fbc4-2fe5-4761-8f70-3dc74af48a57","references":[{"source_name":"PaloAlto StrelaStealer 2024","description":"Benjamin Chang, Goutam Tripathy, Pranay Kumar Chhaparwal, Anmol Maurya & Vishwa Thothathri, Palo Alto Networks. (2024, March 22). Large-Scale StrelaStealer Campaign in Early 2024. Retrieved December 31, 2024.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/strelastealer-campaign/"},{"source_name":"DCSO StrelaStealer 2022","description":"DCSO CyTec Blog. (2022, November 8). #ShortAndMalicious: StrelaStealer aims for mail credentials. Retrieved December 31, 2024.","url":"https://medium.com/@DCSO_CyTec/shortandmalicious-strelastealer-aims-for-mail-credentials-a4c3e78c8abc"},{"source_name":"Fortgale StrelaStealer 2023","description":"Fortgale. (2023, September 18). StrelaStealer Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 31, 2024.","url":"https://fortgale.com/blog/malware-analysis/strelastealer-malware-analysis-2/"},{"source_name":"IBM StrelaStealer 2024","description":"Golo Mühr, Joe Fasulo & Charlotte Hammond, IBM X-Force. (2024, November 12). Strela Stealer: Today’s invoice is tomorrow’s phish. Retrieved December 31, 2024.","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/x-force/strela-stealer-todays-invoice-tomorrows-phish/"}]},{"id":"S1185","name":"LightSpy","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1185","kind":"malware","description":"To exfiltrate data, [LightSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1185) configures each module to send an obfuscated JSON blob to hardcoded URL endpoints or paths aligned to the module name.(Citation: Huntress LightSpy macOS 2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--3757c1fd-7e60-4762-9f8b-823658d4e466","references":[{"source_name":"Huntress LightSpy macOS 2024","description":"Stuart Ashenbrenner, Alden Schmidt. (2024, April 25). LightSpy Malware Variant Targeting macOS. Retrieved January 3, 2025.","url":"https://www.huntress.com/blog/lightspy-malware-variant-targeting-macos"}]},{"id":"S1186","name":"Line Dancer","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1186","kind":"malware","description":"[Line Dancer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1186) exfiltrates collected data via command and control channels.(Citation: Cisco ArcaneDoor 2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--3d9c09bd-5b67-40dc-9144-1dc537933865","references":[{"source_name":"Cisco ArcaneDoor 2024","description":"Cisco Talos. (2024, April 24). ArcaneDoor - New espionage-focused campaign found targeting perimeter network devices. Retrieved January 6, 2025.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/arcanedoor-new-espionage-focused-campaign-found-targeting-perimeter-network-devices/"}]},{"id":"S1188","name":"Line Runner","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1188","kind":"malware","description":"[Line Runner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1188) utilizes HTTP to retrieve and exfiltrate information staged using [Line Dancer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1186).(Citation: Cisco ArcaneDoor 2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--20411ea5-3d8e-4c97-a04d-418e2798eb5c","references":[{"source_name":"Cisco ArcaneDoor 2024","description":"Cisco Talos. (2024, April 24). ArcaneDoor - New espionage-focused campaign found targeting perimeter network devices. Retrieved January 6, 2025.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/arcanedoor-new-espionage-focused-campaign-found-targeting-perimeter-network-devices/"}]},{"id":"S1196","name":"Troll Stealer","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1196","kind":"malware","description":"[Troll Stealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1196) exfiltrates collected information to its command and control infrastructure.(Citation: S2W Troll Stealer 2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--b5c5dc62-dbf7-40b2-897b-39243ad0f7e9","references":[{"source_name":"S2W Troll Stealer 2024","description":"Jiho Kim & Sebin Lee, S2W. (2024, February 7). Kimsuky disguised as a Korean company signed with a valid certificate to distribute Troll Stealer (English ver.). Retrieved January 17, 2025.","url":"https://medium.com/s2wblog/kimsuky-disguised-as-a-korean-company-signed-with-a-valid-certificate-to-distribute-troll-stealer-cfa5d54314e2"}]},{"id":"S1201","name":"TRANSLATEXT","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1201","kind":"malware","description":"[TRANSLATEXT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1201) has exfiltrated collected credentials to the C2 server.(Citation: Zscaler Kimsuky TRANSLATEXT) ","relationship_id":"relationship--3cc0db99-8172-41e5-b386-3488bfb41f43","references":[{"source_name":"Zscaler Kimsuky TRANSLATEXT","description":"Park, S. (2024, June 27). Kimsuky deploys TRANSLATEXT to target South Korean academia. Retrieved October 14, 2024.","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/kimsuky-deploys-translatext-target-south-korean-academia#technical-analysis"}]},{"id":"S1210","name":"Sagerunex","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1210","kind":"malware","description":"[Sagerunex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1210) encrypts collected system data then exfiltrates via existing command and control channels.(Citation: Cisco LotusBlossom 2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--0977de2b-86f0-4c40-bd6f-9c54ad1a56c0","references":[{"source_name":"Cisco LotusBlossom 2025","description":"Joey Chen, Cisco Talos. (2025, February 27). Lotus Blossom espionage group targets multiple industries with different versions of Sagerunex and hacking tools. Retrieved March 15, 2025.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/lotus-blossom-espionage-group/"}]},{"id":"S1213","name":"Lumma Stealer","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1213","kind":"malware","description":"[Lumma Stealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1213) has exfiltrated collected data over existing HTTP and HTTPS C2 channels.(Citation: Qualys LummaStealer 2024)(Citation: Fortinet LummaStealer 2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--9726fa12-6427-4e71-8acb-c3438e7ad5b0","references":[{"source_name":"Fortinet LummaStealer 2024","description":"Cara Lin, Fortinet. (2024, January 8). Deceptive Cracked Software Spreads Lumma Variant on YouTube. Retrieved March 22, 2025.","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/lumma-variant-on-youtube"},{"source_name":"Qualys LummaStealer 2024","description":"Vishwajeet Kumar, Qualys. (2024, October 20). Unmasking Lumma Stealer: Analyzing Deceptive Tactics with Fake CAPTCHA. Retrieved March 22, 2025.","url":"https://blog.qualys.com/vulnerabilities-threat-research/2024/10/20/unmasking-lumma-stealer-analyzing-deceptive-tactics-with-fake-captcha"}]},{"id":"S1240","name":"RedLine Stealer","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1240","kind":"malware","description":"[RedLine Stealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1240) has sent victim data to its C2 server or RedLine panel server.(Citation: Proofpoint RedLine Stealer March 2020)","relationship_id":"relationship--a6d72bce-1f65-40e8-9c7b-c9c384276d6e","references":[{"source_name":"Proofpoint RedLine Stealer March 2020","description":"Proofpoint Threat Insight Team, Jeremy H, Axel F. (2020, March 16). New Redline Password Stealer Malware. Retrieved September 17, 2025.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/new-redline-stealer-distributed-using-coronavirus-themed-email-campaign"}]},{"id":"S1245","name":"InvisibleFerret","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1245","kind":"malware","description":"[InvisibleFerret](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1245) has used HTTP communications to the “/Uploads” URI for file exfiltration.(Citation: Zscaler ContagiousInterview BeaverTail InvisibleFerret November 2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--c868538d-35ff-498f-8420-f16fd4875211","references":[{"source_name":"Zscaler ContagiousInterview BeaverTail InvisibleFerret November 2024","description":"Seongsu Park. (2024, November 4). From Pyongyang to Your Payroll: The Rise of North Korean Remote Workers in the West. Retrieved October 17, 2025.","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/pyongyang-your-payroll-rise-north-korean-remote-workers-west"}]},{"id":"S1246","name":"BeaverTail","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1246","kind":"malware","description":"[BeaverTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1246) has exfiltrated data collected from victim devices to C2 servers.(Citation: Socket BeaverTail XORIndex HexEval Contagious Interview July 2025)(Citation: PaloAlto ContagiousInterview BeaverTail InvisibleFerret November 2023)(Citation: PaloAlto Unit42 ContagiousInterview BeaverTail InvisibileFerret October 2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--13953007-34e2-44e9-96af-53bed8f4413c","references":[{"source_name":"Socket BeaverTail XORIndex HexEval Contagious Interview July 2025","description":"Kirill Boychenko. (2025, July 14). Contagious Interview Campaign Escalates With 67 Malicious npm Packages and New Malware Loader. Retrieved October 19, 2025.","url":"https://socket.dev/blog/contagious-interview-campaign-escalates-67-malicious-npm-packages"},{"source_name":"PaloAlto ContagiousInterview BeaverTail InvisibleFerret November 2023","description":"Unit 42. (2023, November 21). Hacking Employers and Seeking Employment: Two Job-Related Campaigns Bear Hallmarks of North Korean Threat Actors. Retrieved October 17, 2025.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/two-campaigns-by-north-korea-bad-actors-target-job-hunters/"},{"source_name":"PaloAlto Unit42 ContagiousInterview BeaverTail InvisibileFerret October 2024","description":"Unit42. (2024, October 9). Contagious Interview: DPRK Threat Actors Lure Tech Industry Job Seekers to Install New Variants of BeaverTail and InvisibleFerret Malware. Retrieved October 17, 2025.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/north-korean-threat-actors-lure-tech-job-seekers-as-fake-recruiters/"}]},{"id":"S1248","name":"XORIndex Loader","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1248","kind":"malware","description":"[XORIndex Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1248) has exfiltrated victim data using HTTPS POST requests to its C2 servers.(Citation: Socket BeaverTail XORIndex HexEval Contagious Interview July 2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--8a2c36da-dc4f-4e57-ac6f-881fb3f94c99","references":[{"source_name":"Socket BeaverTail XORIndex HexEval Contagious Interview July 2025","description":"Kirill Boychenko. (2025, July 14). Contagious Interview Campaign Escalates With 67 Malicious npm Packages and New Malware Loader. Retrieved October 19, 2025.","url":"https://socket.dev/blog/contagious-interview-campaign-escalates-67-malicious-npm-packages"}]},{"id":"S1249","name":"HexEval Loader","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1249","kind":"malware","description":"[HexEval Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1249) has exfiltrated victim data using HTTPS POST requests to its C2 servers.(Citation: Socket Contagious Interview NPM April 2025)(Citation: Socket HexEval BeaverTail Contagious Interview June 2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--a5e4292c-10a8-4932-86ec-1b98b96660f1","references":[{"source_name":"Socket Contagious Interview NPM April 2025","description":"Kirill Boychenko. (2025, April 4). Lazarus Expands Malicious npm Campaign: 11 New Packages Add Malware Loaders and Bitbucket Payloads. Retrieved October 20, 2025.","url":"https://socket.dev/blog/lazarus-expands-malicious-npm-campaign-11-new-packages-add-malware-loaders-and-bitbucket"},{"source_name":"Socket HexEval BeaverTail Contagious Interview June 2025","description":"Kirill Boychenko. (2025, June 25). Another Wave: North Korean Contagious Interview Campaign Drops 35 New Malicious npm Packages. Retrieved October 19, 2025.","url":"https://socket.dev/blog/north-korean-contagious-interview-campaign-drops-35-new-malicious-npm-packages"}]},{"id":"S9007","name":"HTTPTroy","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9007","kind":"malware","description":"[HTTPTroy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9007) has exfiltrated encrypted data over the C2 channel using the `up <FILENAME>` command.(Citation: Gen Digital Kimsuky HTTPTroy October 2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--7acdc32c-1838-47f3-a0c3-2a902de15410","references":[{"source_name":"Gen Digital Kimsuky HTTPTroy October 2025","description":"Alexndru-Cristian Bardas. (2025, October 30). DPRK’s Playbook: Kimsuky’s HttpTroy and Lazarus’s New BLINDINGCAN Variant. Retrieved April 8, 2026.","url":"https://www.gendigital.com/blog/insights/research/dprk-kimsuky-lazarus-analysis"}]},{"id":"S9008","name":"Shai-Hulud","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9008","kind":"malware","description":"[Shai-Hulud](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9008) has used POST to exfiltrate secrets from the victim environment to an attacker-controlled URL.(Citation: Aikido Shai-Hulud September 2025)(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 Shai-Hulud November 2025)(Citation: Wiz Shai-Hulud September 2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--a9bb532c-48bf-4103-8e9f-a8951e6c0882","references":[{"source_name":"Aikido Shai-Hulud September 2025","description":"Charlie Eriksen. (2025, September 16). S1ngularity/nx attackers strike again. Retrieved April 9, 2026.","url":"https://www.aikido.dev/blog/s1ngularity-nx-attackers-strike-again"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto Unit 42 Shai-Hulud November 2025","description":"Justin Moore. (2025, November 25). \"Shai-Hulud\" Worm Compromises npm Ecosystem in Supply Chain Attack (Updated November 26). Retrieved April 9, 2026.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/npm-supply-chain-attack/"},{"source_name":"Wiz Shai-Hulud September 2025","description":"Merav Bar, Rami McCarthy, Barak Sharoni. (2025, September 16). Shai-Hulud: Ongoing Package Supply Chain Worm Delivering Data-Stealing Malware. Retrieved April 9, 2026.","url":"https://www.wiz.io/blog/shai-hulud-npm-supply-chain-attack"}]},{"id":"S9014","name":"PHASEJAM","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9014","kind":"malware","description":"[PHASEJAM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9014) has the ability to exfiltrate data from the victim appliance.(Citation: Google UNC5221 Ivanti January 2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--e8f8c497-9931-4b8d-ad46-31a1cf5e2c50","references":[{"source_name":"Google UNC5221 Ivanti January 2025","description":"John Wolfram, Josh Murchie, Matt Lin, Daniel Ainsworth, Robert Wallace, Dimiter Andonov, Dhanesh Kizhakkinan, Jacob Thompson. (2025, January 8). Ivanti Connect Secure VPN Targeted in New Zero-Day Exploitation. Retrieved April 14, 2026.","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/ivanti-connect-secure-vpn-zero-day"}]},{"id":"S9015","name":"BRICKSTORM","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9015","kind":"malware","description":"[BRICKSTORM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9015) has uploaded files from the victim system to C2 servers.(Citation: CrowdStrike BRICKSTORM WARP PANDA UNC5221 December 2025)(Citation: CISA BRICKSTORM UNC5221 AR25-338A February 2026)(Citation: Picus Security BRICKSTORM UNC5221 October 2025)(Citation: Google UNC5221 BRICKSTORM SPAWNCHIMERA April 2024)(Citation: NVISO BRICKSTORM April 2025)(Citation: Resecurity UNC5221 BRICKSTORM F5 Big-IP October 2025)(Citation: Google BRICKSTORM September 2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--152e4b86-e51c-4470-84ff-5b6985b1c660","references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike BRICKSTORM WARP PANDA UNC5221 December 2025","description":"CrowdStrike. (2025, December 4). Unveiling WARP PANDA: A New Sophisticated China-Nexus Adversary. Retrieved April 16, 2026.","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/warp-panda-cloud-threats/"},{"source_name":"CISA BRICKSTORM UNC5221 AR25-338A February 2026","description":"DHS/CISA. (2026, February 11). AR25-338A: BRICKSTORM Backdoor. Retrieved April 16, 2026.","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/analysis-reports/ar25-338a"},{"source_name":"Picus Security BRICKSTORM UNC5221 October 2025","description":"Huseyin Can Yuceel. (2025, October 1). BRICKSTORM Malware: UNC5221 Targets Tech and Legal Sectors in the United States. Retrieved April 16, 2026.","url":"https://www.picussecurity.com/resource/blog/brickstorm-malware-unc5221-targets-tech-and-legal-sectors-in-the-united-states"},{"source_name":"Google UNC5221 BRICKSTORM SPAWNCHIMERA April 2024","description":"Matt Lin, Austin Larsen, John Wolfram, Ashley Pearson, Josh Murchie, Lukasz Lamparski, Joseph Pisano, Ryan Hall, Ron Craft, Shawn Crew, Billy Wong, Tyler McLellan. (2024, April 4). Cutting Edge, Part 4: Ivanti Connect Secure VPN Post-Exploitation Lateral Movement Case Studies. Retrieved April 16, 2026.","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/ivanti-post-exploitation-lateral-movement"},{"source_name":"NVISO BRICKSTORM April 2025","description":"NVISO Incident Response. (2025, April 1). BRICKSTORM  Backdoor Analysis: A Persistent Espionage Threat  to European Industries. Retrieved April 16, 2026.","url":"https://blog.nviso.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/NVISO-BRICKSTORM-Report.pdf"},{"source_name":"Resecurity UNC5221 BRICKSTORM F5 Big-IP October 2025","description":"Resecurity Threat Intelligence & Incident Analysis. (2025, October 22). F5 BIG-IP Source Code Leak Tied to State-Linked Campaigns Using BRICKSTORM Backdoor. Retrieved April 16, 2026.","url":"https://www.resecurity.com/blog/article/f5-big-ip-source-code-leak-tied-to-state-linked-campaigns-using-brickstorm-backdoor"},{"source_name":"Google BRICKSTORM September 2025","description":"Sarah Yoder, John Wolfram, Ashley Pearson, Doug Bienstock, Josh Madeley, Josh Murchie, Brad Slaybaugh, Matt Lin, Geoff Carstairs, Austin Larsen. (2025, September 24). Another BRICKSTORM: Stealthy Backdoor Enabling Espionage into Tech and Legal Sectors. Retrieved April 16, 2026.","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/brickstorm-espionage-campaign"}]},{"id":"S9020","name":"LODEINFO","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9020","kind":"malware","description":"[LODEINFO](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9020) can exfiltrate collected credentials and browser cookies to the C2 server.(Citation: ESET MirrorFace DEC 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--463d9d77-abae-4848-aac4-bd4163318b8c","references":[{"source_name":"ESET MirrorFace DEC 2022","description":"Breitenbacher, D. (2022, December 14). Unmasking MirrorFace: Operation LiberalFace targeting Japanese political entities. Retrieved April 17, 2026.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/12/14/unmasking-mirrorface-operation-liberalface-targeting-japanese-political-entities/"}]},{"id":"S9031","name":"AshTag","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9031","kind":"malware","description":"[AshTag](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9031) has exfiltrated reconnaissance data on targeted systems to C2 servers.(Citation: Palo Alto Ashen Lepus DEC 2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--46bc2bac-2b9f-4550-bd2f-9d62ef05b887","references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto Ashen Lepus DEC 2025","description":"Unit 42. (2025, December 11). Hamas-Affiliated Ashen Lepus Targets Middle Eastern Diplomatic Entities With New AshTag Malware Suite. Retrieved April 20, 2026.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hamas-affiliate-ashen-lepus-uses-new-malware-suite-ashtag/"}]},{"id":"S9032","name":"MuddyViper","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9032","kind":"malware","description":"[MuddyViper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9032) has uploaded files to the C2 server. Additionally, [MuddyViper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9032) has the ability to upload the specified file in chunks with sleep time between each chunk.(Citation: ESET_MuddyWater_Dec2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--adbb3959-724e-4219-bf4f-eb527b191baf","references":[{"source_name":"ESET_MuddyWater_Dec2025","description":"ESET Research. (2025, December 2). MuddyWater: Snakes by the riverbank. Retrieved February 17, 2026.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/muddywater-snakes-riverbank/"}]},{"id":"S9035","name":"LAMEHUG","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9035","kind":"malware","description":"[LAMEHUG](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9035) can exfiltrate collected system information and documents to C2.(Citation: Splunk LAMEHUG SEP 2025)(Citation: Nov AI Threat Tracker)","relationship_id":"relationship--036d0469-5302-48c9-b957-ae52cee49861","references":[{"source_name":"Splunk LAMEHUG SEP 2025","description":"Conteras, T., Splunk Research Team. (2025, September 25). From Prompt to Payload: LAMEHUG’s LLM-Driven Cyber Intrusion. Retrieved April 21, 2026.","url":"https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/lamehug-ai-driven-malware-llm-cyber-intrusion-analysis.html"},{"source_name":"Nov AI Threat Tracker","description":"Google Threat Intelligence Group. (2025, November 5). GTIG AI Threat Tracker: Advances in Threat Actor Usage of AI Tools. Retrieved March 31, 2026.","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/threat-actor-usage-of-ai-tools"}]},{"id":"S9041","name":"TeamPCP Cloud Stealer","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9041","kind":"malware","description":"[TeamPCP Cloud Stealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9041) has exfiltrated collected data to typosquat C2 domains including scan.aquasecurtiy[.]org.(Citation: Wiz Trivy Compromise MAR 2026)(Citation: Aqua Security Blog Trivy Compromise APR 2026)(Citation: Sysdig TeamPCP MAR 2026)(Citation: Wiz TeamPCP KICS MAR 2026)","relationship_id":"relationship--b3e603f6-1c4d-45f6-a903-9b945a26c706","references":[{"source_name":"Aqua Security Blog Trivy Compromise APR 2026","description":"Aqua Team. (2026, April 1). Update: Ongoing Investigation and Continued Remediation. Retrieved July 1, 2026.","url":"https://www.aquasec.com/blog/trivy-supply-chain-attack-what-you-need-to-know"},{"source_name":"Wiz Trivy Compromise MAR 2026","description":"McCarthy, R. (2026, March 20). Trivy Compromised: Everything You Need to Know about the Latest Supply Chain Attack. Retrieved July 1, 2026.","url":"https://www.wiz.io/blog/trivy-compromised-teampcp-supply-chain-attack"},{"source_name":"Wiz TeamPCP KICS MAR 2026","description":"McCarthy, R., Haughom, J., Read, B. (2026, March 23). KICS GitHub Action Compromised: TeamPCP Strikes Again in Supply Chain Attack. Retrieved July 1, 2026.","url":"https://www.wiz.io/blog/teampcp-attack-kics-github-action"},{"source_name":"Sysdig TeamPCP MAR 2026","description":"Sysdig Threat Research Team. (2026, March 23). TeamPCP expands: Supply chain compromise spreads from Trivy to Checkmarx GitHub Actions. Retrieved July 1, 2026.","url":"https://www.sysdig.com/blog/teampcp-expands-supply-chain-compromise-spreads-from-trivy-to-checkmarx-github-actions"}]},{"id":"S9043","name":"Mini Shai-Hulud","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9043","kind":"malware","description":"[Mini Shai-Hulud](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9043) has exfiltrated encrypted archives over C2 domains.(Citation: Trend Micro TeamPCP MAY 2026)(Citation: Hunt.io TeamPCP Toolkit MAY 2026)(Citation: Phoenix TeamPCP 20 MAY 2026)","relationship_id":"relationship--e2f6a5e0-48d0-4984-8ed7-79d1919c6645","references":[{"source_name":"Hunt.io TeamPCP Toolkit MAY 2026","description":"Hunt.io. (2026, May 14). How TeamPCP's Python Toolkit Survives a C2 Takedown: FIRESCALE, GitHub, and the Victim's Own Account. Retrieved July 16, 2026.","url":"https://hunt.io/blog/teampcp-python-toolkit-firescale-github-c2-takedown"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro TeamPCP MAY 2026","description":"Santos, J. and Navato, J.R. (2026, May 13). Analyzing TeamPCP’s Supply Chain Attacks: Checkmarx KICS and elementary-data in CI/CD Credential Theft. Retrieved July 16, 2026.","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/26/e/analyzing-teampcp-supply-chain-attacks.html"},{"source_name":"Phoenix TeamPCP 20 MAY 2026","description":"Webb, M. (2026, May 20). TeamPCP Wave Four: GitHub Breach via Poisoned VS Code Extension, durabletask PyPI Worm, and ~4,000 Internal Repositories Exfiltrated. Retrieved July 16, 2026.","url":"https://phoenix.security/teampcp-github-breach-durabletask-pypi-supply-chain-wave-four-2026/"}]},{"id":"S9050","name":"Vidar","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9050","kind":"malware","description":"[Vidar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9050) has exfiltrated sensitive data, such as credentials and cryptocurrency wallets, over the C2 server at 136.243.203[.]109.(Citation: Unit42_Vidar_July2026) [Vidar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9050) has exfiltrated collected data through its C2 channel.(Citation: Cyfirma_Vidar_June2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--72895ca2-baea-4333-959c-0a0f9a97dbd5","references":[{"source_name":"Cyfirma_Vidar_June2024","description":"CYFIRMA. (2024, June 3). Vidar Stealer: An In-depth Analysis of an Information-Stealing Malware. Retrieved August 13, 2026.","url":"https://www.cyfirma.com/research/vidar-stealer-an-in-depth-analysis-of-an-information-stealing-malware/"},{"source_name":"Unit42_Vidar_July2026","description":"Nannaka, B., Chhaparwal, P. (2026, July 7). Vidar Stealer Unmasked: Code Signing Abuse, Go Loaders and File Inflation. Retrieved July 8, 2026.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/vidar-stealer-xmrig-miner-campaign-analysis/"}]},{"id":"S9052","name":"MiniFast","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9052","kind":"malware","description":"[MiniFast](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9052) has the ability to upload files over C2 communications.(Citation: CheckPoint_NimbusManticore_May2026) ","relationship_id":"relationship--19c9e7ee-69eb-4c1f-82de-727a5e37bcb8","references":[{"source_name":"CheckPoint_NimbusManticore_May2026","description":"Check Point. (2026, May 22). Fast and Furious – Nimbus Manticore Operations During the Iranian Conflict. Retrieved September 23, 2026.","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2026/fast-and-furious-nimbus-manticore-operations-during-the-iranian-conflict/"}]},{"id":"S9059","name":"MiniBike","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9059","kind":"malware","description":"[MiniBike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9059) has uploaded files over the C2.(Citation: Mandiant_UNC1549_Feb2024) ","relationship_id":"relationship--73779216-1b58-4834-bdd6-8dc7391d0761","references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant_UNC1549_Feb2024","description":"Rozmann, O., et al. (2024, February 27). When Cats Fly: Suspected Iranian Threat Actor UNC1549 Targets Israeli and Middle East Aerospace and Defense Sectors. Retrieved September 28, 2026.","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/suspected-iranian-unc1549-targets-israel-middle-east"}]},{"id":"S9062","name":"MiniBrowse","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9062","kind":"malware","description":"[MiniBrowse](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9062) has the ability to upload stolen data over C2 communications.(Citation: CheckPoint_NimbusManticoreEurope_Sept2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--64ac42ff-ac81-4617-a63a-5e70f6a709c6","references":[{"source_name":"CheckPoint_NimbusManticoreEurope_Sept2025","description":"Check Point. (2025, September 22). Nimbus Manticore Deploys New Malware Targeting Europe. Retrieved September 24, 2026.","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2025/nimbus-manticore-deploys-new-malware-targeting-europe/"}]},{"id":"S9063","name":"DEEPROOT","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9063","kind":"malware","description":"[DEEPROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9063) has the ability to upload files to C2.(Citation: Mandiant_UNC1549_Nov2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--fde7e333-32e4-439a-8938-f8535c5080cb","references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant_UNC1549_Nov2025","description":"El-Banna, M., et al. (2025, November 17). Frontline Intelligence: Analysis of UNC1549 TTPs, Custom Tools, and Malware Targeting the Aerospace and Defense Ecosystem. Retrieved September 28, 2026.","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/analysis-of-unc1549-ttps-targeting-aerospace-defense"}]},{"id":"S9066","name":"POLLBLEND","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9066","kind":"malware","description":"[POLLBLEND](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9066) has exfiltrated the victim device’s username and computer name within the JSON body through HTTP POST requests to the URI pathway `/register/`.(Citation: Mandiant_UNC1549_Nov2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--bd28ef72-9f26-41e0-829c-7c3cd3bc6841","references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant_UNC1549_Nov2025","description":"El-Banna, M., et al. (2025, November 17). Frontline Intelligence: Analysis of UNC1549 TTPs, Custom Tools, and Malware Targeting the Aerospace and Defense Ecosystem. Retrieved September 28, 2026.","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/analysis-of-unc1549-ttps-targeting-aerospace-defense"}]},{"id":"S9067","name":"TWOSTROKE","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9067","kind":"malware","description":"[TWOSTROKE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S9067) can exfiltrate data over C2.(Citation: Mandiant_UNC1549_Nov2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--f341ecc4-b80b-4b42-9e02-293449f842dc","references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant_UNC1549_Nov2025","description":"El-Banna, M., et al. (2025, November 17). Frontline Intelligence: Analysis of UNC1549 TTPs, Custom Tools, and Malware Targeting the Aerospace and Defense Ecosystem. Retrieved September 28, 2026.","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/analysis-of-unc1549-ttps-targeting-aerospace-defense"}]}],"actors":[{"id":"G0004","name":"Ke3chang","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) transferred compressed and encrypted RAR files containing exfiltration through the established backdoor command and control channel during operations.(Citation: Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014)","relationship_id":"relationship--49f2c182-bd69-4874-9102-b5fd1acac59c","references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014","description":"Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION “KE3CHANG”: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/operation-ke3chang-targeted-attacks-against-ministries-of-foreign-affairs"}]},{"id":"G0022","name":"APT3","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that exfiltrates data over the C2 channel.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox)","relationship_id":"relationship--68edf451-bda3-4159-9715-dbcfda8eb8e2","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye Clandestine Fox","description":"Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. (2014, April 26). New Zero-Day Exploit targeting Internet Explorer Versions 9 through 11 Identified in Targeted Attacks. Retrieved January 14, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/04/new-zero-day-exploit-targeting-internet-explorer-versions-9-through-11-identified-in-targeted-attacks.html"}]},{"id":"G0032","name":"Lazarus Group","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has exfiltrated data and files over a C2 channel through its various tools and malware.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)","relationship_id":"relationship--520f5440-740f-4efe-850e-ea4db340aef1","references":[{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster Loaders","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved November 17, 2024.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190508165631/https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"},{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160226161828/https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf"},{"source_name":"McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018","description":"Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/"}]},{"id":"G0034","name":"Sandworm Team","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has sent system information to its C2 server using HTTP.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)\t","relationship_id":"relationship--29818fd0-e6df-4871-b025-938c77978544","references":[{"source_name":"ESET Telebots Dec 2016","description":"Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/"}]},{"id":"G0038","name":"Stealth Falcon","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"After data is collected by [Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware, it is exfiltrated over the existing C2 channel.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)","relationship_id":"relationship--e1592867-e02f-4c1f-a9f2-1c60e25a1301","references":[{"source_name":"Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016","description":"Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don’t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.","url":"https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"}]},{"id":"G0047","name":"Gamaredon Group","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"A [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) file stealer can transfer collected files to a hardcoded C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon Sept2024)(Citation: SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--d361058d-a11b-470d-bed8-44bfd8e50393","references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017","description":"Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"},{"source_name":"ESET Gamaredon Sept2024","description":"Rusnák, Z. (2024, September 26). Cyberespionage the Gamaredon way: Analysis of toolset used to spy on Ukraine in 2022 and 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2024.","url":"https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"},{"source_name":"SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025","description":"Threat Hunter Team, Symantec and Carbon Black. (2025, April 10). Shuckworm Targets Foreign Military Mission Based in Ukraine. Retrieved July 23, 2025.","url":"https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"}]},{"id":"G0050","name":"APT32","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s backdoor has exfiltrated data using the already opened channel with its C&C server.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--6dc0069c-5e6a-474f-946d-cc1cd13bc486","references":[{"source_name":"ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019","description":"Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/"}]},{"id":"G0065","name":"Leviathan","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has exfiltrated data over its C2 channel.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--cd46796f-4a71-468a-b19f-87a13894d254","references":[{"source_name":"CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021","description":"CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory – Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China’s MSS Hainan State Security Department. Retrieved August 12, 2021.","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a"}]},{"id":"G0069","name":"MuddyWater","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used C2 infrastructure to receive exfiltrated data.(Citation: Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017)","relationship_id":"relationship--dfb4c7e9-e1af-4716-b658-9cfbadd706dc","references":[{"source_name":"Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017","description":"Reaqta. (2017, November 22). A dive into MuddyWater APT targeting Middle-East. Retrieved May 18, 2020.","url":"https://reaqta.com/2017/11/muddywater-apt-targeting-middle-east/"}]},{"id":"G0082","name":"APT38","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has exfiltrated victim device and user details contained in a POST request to register the compromised system with C2 infrastructure.(Citation: Microsoft Sapphire Sleet APR 2026)(Citation: MIcrosoft Mastra npm Compromise JUN 2026)","relationship_id":"relationship--9124da6c-faad-43e1-a0b9-7a8374ab8c7e","references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Sapphire Sleet APR 2026","description":"Microsoft Threat Intelligence. (2026, April 16). Dissecting Sapphire Sleet’s macOS intrusion from lure to compromise. Retrieved September 30, 2026.","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2026/04/16/dissecting-sapphire-sleets-macos-intrusion-from-lure-to-compromise/"},{"source_name":"MIcrosoft Mastra npm Compromise JUN 2026","description":"Microsoft Threat Intelligence. (2026, June 17). From package to postinstall payload: Inside the Mastra npm supply chain compromise by Sapphire Sleet. Retrieved September 30, 2026.","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2026/06/17/postinstall-payload-inside-mastra-npm-supply-chain-compromise/"}]},{"id":"G0087","name":"APT39","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has exfiltrated stolen victim data through C2 communications.(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)","relationship_id":"relationship--4c5f4c95-2eca-4f8d-8e7e-16f0bb323b07","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","description":"FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020.","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}]},{"id":"G0090","name":"WIRTE","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0090","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[WIRTE](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0090) has exfiltrated collected victim data to C2 infrastructure.(Citation: Palo Alto Ashen Lepus DEC 2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--7b3f6e93-2e5e-4083-af31-a6457974cf47","references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto Ashen Lepus DEC 2025","description":"Unit 42. (2025, December 11). Hamas-Affiliated Ashen Lepus Targets Middle Eastern Diplomatic Entities With New AshTag Malware Suite. Retrieved April 20, 2026.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hamas-affiliate-ashen-lepus-uses-new-malware-suite-ashtag/"}]},{"id":"G0093","name":"GALLIUM","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) used Web shells and [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040) for C2 and to exfiltrate data.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)","relationship_id":"relationship--380743e5-616c-4524-96e6-d545e5b653ea","references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019.","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers"}]},{"id":"G0094","name":"Kimsuky","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has exfiltrated data over its C2 channel.(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)(Citation: Talos Kimsuky Nov 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--91f79ff4-3850-4e37-807a-fe303b312e23","references":[{"source_name":"Talos Kimsuky Nov 2021","description":"An, J and Malhotra, A. (2021, November 10). North Korean attackers use malicious blogs to deliver malware to high-profile South Korean targets. Retrieved December 29, 2021.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/11/kimsuky-abuses-blogs-delivers-malware.html"},{"source_name":"Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013","description":"Tarakanov , D.. (2013, September 11). The “Kimsuky” Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019.","url":"https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/"}]},{"id":"G0102","name":"Wizard Spider","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has exfiltrated domain credentials and network enumeration information over command and control (C2) channels.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: Mandiant FIN12 Oct 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--c51d9123-7f7e-41e6-8cf7-7c7dc4170ca0","references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019","description":"John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020.","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/"},{"source_name":"Mandiant FIN12 Oct 2021","description":"Shilko, J., et al. (2021, October 7). FIN12: The Prolific Ransomware Intrusion Threat Actor That Has Aggressively Pursued Healthcare Targets. Retrieved June 15, 2023.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220313061955/https://www.mandiant.com/sites/default/files/2021-10/fin12-group-profile.pdf"}]},{"id":"G0114","name":"Chimera","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) C2 beacons for data exfiltration.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021) ","relationship_id":"relationship--2ad83456-5794-44d5-bfd1-3c51b2925c01","references":[{"source_name":"NCC Group Chimera January 2021","description":"Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved September 12, 2024.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230218064220/https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/"}]},{"id":"G0126","name":"Higaisa","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) exfiltrated data over its C2 channel.(Citation: Zscaler Higaisa 2020)","relationship_id":"relationship--382ab873-523f-4455-b3c5-74d81b4fc57b","references":[{"source_name":"Zscaler Higaisa 2020","description":"Singh, S. Singh, A. (2020, June 11). The Return on the Higaisa APT. Retrieved March 2, 2021.","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/return-higaisa-apt"}]},{"id":"G0128","name":"ZIRCONIUM","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has exfiltrated files via the Dropbox API C2.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)","relationship_id":"relationship--9ccf0f5a-e1c1-4be1-b823-cf087a07c670","references":[{"source_name":"Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020","description":"Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021.","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online"}]},{"id":"G0129","name":"Mustang Panda","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has exfiltrated stolen data and files to its C2 server.(Citation: Cisco Talos MUSTANG PANDA PLUGX PUBLOAD MAY 2022)(Citation: EclecticIQ Mustang Panda PlugX)(Citation: Sophos PlugX September 2022)","relationship_id":"relationship--56db53fc-6279-48aa-9d70-f72df6d1664a","references":[{"source_name":"Cisco Talos MUSTANG PANDA PLUGX PUBLOAD MAY 2022","description":"Asheer Malhotra, Jungsoo An, Kendall Mc. (2022, May 5). Mustang Panda deploys a new wave of malware targeting Europe. Retrieved August 4, 2025.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/mustang-panda-targets-europe/"},{"source_name":"EclecticIQ Mustang Panda PlugX","description":"EclecticIQ Threat Research Team. (2023, February 2). Mustang Panda APT Group Uses European Commission-Themed Lure to Deliver PlugX Malware. Retrieved September 9, 2025.","url":"https://blog.eclecticiq.com/mustang-panda-apt-group-uses-european-commission-themed-lure-to-deliver-plugx-malware"},{"source_name":"Sophos PlugX September 2022","description":"Secureworks Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2022, April 27). BRONZE PRESIDENT Targets Russian Speakers with Updated PlugX. Retrieved September 9, 2025.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/bronze-president-targets-russian-speakers-with-updated-plugx"}]},{"id":"G0142","name":"Confucius","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0142","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[Confucius](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0142) has exfiltrated stolen files to its C2 server.(Citation: TrendMicro Confucius APT Aug 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--b148a44c-b4f9-4e19-b6b0-730b83445451","references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Confucius APT Aug 2021","description":"Lunghi, D. (2021, August 17). Confucius Uses Pegasus Spyware-related Lures to Target Pakistani Military. Retrieved December 26, 2021.","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/h/confucius-uses-pegasus-spyware-related-lures-to-target-pakistani.html"}]},{"id":"G1012","name":"CURIUM","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1012","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[CURIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1012) has used IMAP and SMTPS for exfiltration via tools such as [IMAPLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1152).(Citation: PWC Yellow Liderc 2023)","relationship_id":"relationship--effc0ed6-b472-48ab-99b6-2d3b553f4253","references":[{"source_name":"PWC Yellow Liderc 2023","description":"PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024.","url":"https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html"}]},{"id":"G1014","name":"LuminousMoth","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1014","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[LuminousMoth](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1014) has used malware that exfiltrates stolen data to its C2 server.(Citation: Kaspersky LuminousMoth July 2021)","relationship_id":"relationship--28d81681-8dcf-45ee-a5e6-378327ce93ce","references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky LuminousMoth July 2021","description":"Lechtik, M, and etl. (2021, July 14). LuminousMoth APT: Sweeping attacks for the chosen few. Retrieved October 20, 2022.","url":"https://securelist.com/apt-luminousmoth/103332/"}]},{"id":"G1015","name":"Scattered Spider","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1015","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[Scattered Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1015) has exfiltrated data from compromised VMware vCenter servers through an established C2 channel using the Teleport remote access tool.(Citation: Mandiant VMware vSphere JUL 2025)","relationship_id":"relationship--1d02066a-a26b-46fe-a9d6-731c8d8b0566","references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant VMware vSphere JUL 2025","description":"Mandiant Incident Response. (2025, July 23). From Help Desk to Hypervisor: Defending Your VMware vSphere Estate from UNC3944. Retrieved October 13, 2025.","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/defending-vsphere-from-unc3944"}]},{"id":"G1030","name":"Agrius","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1030","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[Agrius](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1030) exfiltrated staged data using tools such as Putty and WinSCP, communicating with command and control servers.(Citation: Unit42 Agrius 2023)","relationship_id":"relationship--c8f98ac5-7ed9-4ba7-bb38-ad3982c36559","references":[{"source_name":"Unit42 Agrius 2023","description":"Or Chechik, Tom Fakterman, Daniel Frank & Assaf Dahan. (2023, November 6). Agonizing Serpens (Aka Agrius) Targeting the Israeli Higher Education and Tech Sectors. Retrieved May 22, 2024.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/agonizing-serpens-targets-israeli-tech-higher-ed-sectors/"}]},{"id":"G1035","name":"Winter Vivern","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1035","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[Winter Vivern](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1035) delivered a PowerShell script capable of recursively scanning victim machines looking for various file types before exfiltrating identified files via HTTP.(Citation: CERT-UA WinterVivern 2023)","relationship_id":"relationship--b471fc88-4709-4e9d-91a4-8072d15e70a3","references":[{"source_name":"CERT-UA WinterVivern 2023","description":"CERT-UA. (2023, February 1). UAC-0114 aka Winter Vivern to target Ukrainian and Polish GOV entities (CERT-UA#5909). Retrieved July 29, 2024.","url":"https://cert.gov.ua/article/3761104"}]},{"id":"G1043","name":"BlackByte","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1043","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[BlackByte](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1043) transmitted collected victim host information via HTTP POST to command and control infrastructure.(Citation: Microsoft BlackByte 2023)","relationship_id":"relationship--a3ff5dc8-8edf-4b2f-b253-3126c4c50a20","references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft BlackByte 2023","description":"Microsoft Incident Response. (2023, July 6). The five-day job: A BlackByte ransomware intrusion case study. Retrieved December 16, 2024.","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/07/06/the-five-day-job-a-blackbyte-ransomware-intrusion-case-study/"}]},{"id":"G1052","name":"Contagious Interview","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1052","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[Contagious Interview](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1052) has exfiltrated data from a compromised host to actor-controlled C2 servers.(Citation: Sentinel One Contagious Interview ClickFix September 2025)(Citation: Esentire ContagiousInterview BeaverTail InvisibleFerret November 2024)(Citation: Recorded Future Contagious Inteview BeaverTail InvisibleFerret OtterCookie February 2025)(Citation: Socket Contagious Interview NPM April 2025)(Citation: Socket BeaverTail XORIndex HexEval Contagious Interview July 2025)(Citation: Socket HexEval BeaverTail Contagious Interview June 2025)(Citation: ESET Contagious Interview BeaverTail InvisibleFerret February 2025)(Citation: SecurityScorecard Contagious Interview October 2024)(Citation: PaloAlto ContagiousInterview BeaverTail InvisibleFerret November 2023)(Citation: PaloAlto Unit42 ContagiousInterview BeaverTail InvisibileFerret October 2024)","relationship_id":"relationship--77f7e0de-b717-49ce-9941-5189bf4b60f5","references":[{"source_name":"Sentinel One Contagious Interview ClickFix September 2025","description":"Aleksandar Milenkoski, Sreekar Madabushi, Kenneth Kinion. (2025, September 4). Contagious Interview | North Korean Threat Actors Reveal Plans and Ops by Abusing Cyber Intel Platforms. Retrieved October 20, 2025.","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/contagious-interview-threat-actors-scout-cyber-intel-platforms-reveal-plans-and-ops/"},{"source_name":"Esentire ContagiousInterview BeaverTail InvisibleFerret November 2024","description":"eSentire Threat Response Unit (TRU). (2024, November 14). Bored BeaverTail & InvisibleFerret Yacht Club – A Lazarus Lure Pt.2. Retrieved October 17, 2025.","url":"https://www.esentire.com/blog/bored-beavertail-invisibleferret-yacht-club-a-lazarus-lure-pt-2"},{"source_name":"Recorded Future Contagious Inteview BeaverTail InvisibleFerret OtterCookie February 2025","description":"Insikt Group. (2025, February 13). Inside the Scam: North Korea’s IT Worker Threat. Retrieved October 17, 2025.","url":"https://www.recordedfuture.com/research/inside-the-scam-north-koreas-it-worker-threat"},{"source_name":"Socket Contagious Interview NPM April 2025","description":"Kirill Boychenko. (2025, April 4). Lazarus Expands Malicious npm Campaign: 11 New Packages Add Malware Loaders and Bitbucket Payloads. Retrieved October 20, 2025.","url":"https://socket.dev/blog/lazarus-expands-malicious-npm-campaign-11-new-packages-add-malware-loaders-and-bitbucket"},{"source_name":"Socket BeaverTail XORIndex HexEval Contagious Interview July 2025","description":"Kirill Boychenko. (2025, July 14). Contagious Interview Campaign Escalates With 67 Malicious npm Packages and New Malware Loader. Retrieved October 19, 2025.","url":"https://socket.dev/blog/contagious-interview-campaign-escalates-67-malicious-npm-packages"},{"source_name":"Socket HexEval BeaverTail Contagious Interview June 2025","description":"Kirill Boychenko. (2025, June 25). Another Wave: North Korean Contagious Interview Campaign Drops 35 New Malicious npm Packages. Retrieved October 19, 2025.","url":"https://socket.dev/blog/north-korean-contagious-interview-campaign-drops-35-new-malicious-npm-packages"},{"source_name":"ESET Contagious Interview BeaverTail InvisibleFerret February 2025","description":"Matej Havranek. (2025, February 20). DeceptiveDevelopment targets freelance developers. Retrieved October 17, 2025.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/deceptivedevelopment-targets-freelance-developers/"},{"source_name":"SecurityScorecard Contagious Interview October 2024","description":"Ryan Sherstobitoff. (2024, October 29). Inside a North Korean Phishing Operation Targeting DevOps Employees. Retrieved October 20, 2025.","url":"https://securityscorecard.com/blog/inside-a-north-korean-phishing-operation-targeting-devops-employees/"},{"source_name":"PaloAlto ContagiousInterview BeaverTail InvisibleFerret November 2023","description":"Unit 42. (2023, November 21). Hacking Employers and Seeking Employment: Two Job-Related Campaigns Bear Hallmarks of North Korean Threat Actors. Retrieved October 17, 2025.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/two-campaigns-by-north-korea-bad-actors-target-job-hunters/"},{"source_name":"PaloAlto Unit42 ContagiousInterview BeaverTail InvisibileFerret October 2024","description":"Unit42. (2024, October 9). Contagious Interview: DPRK Threat Actors Lure Tech Industry Job Seekers to Install New Variants of BeaverTail and InvisibleFerret Malware. Retrieved October 17, 2025.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/north-korean-threat-actors-lure-tech-job-seekers-as-fake-recruiters/"}]},{"id":"G1055","name":"VOID MANTICORE","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1055","kind":"intrusion-set","description":"[VOID MANTICORE](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1055) malware has exfiltrated collected data via Telegram bot C2 channels using encrypted communications.(Citation: Domain Tools Handala Hack Karma Homeland Justice MOIS April 2026)","relationship_id":"relationship--f8edd351-4ba0-412c-8f41-72380c5aa065","references":[{"source_name":"Domain Tools Handala Hack Karma Homeland Justice MOIS April 2026","description":"DomainTools Investigations. (2026, April 6). Handala: MOIS Linked Cyber Influence Ecosystem Threat Intelligence Assessment. Retrieved April 20, 2026.","url":"https://dti.domaintools.com/research/handala-mois-linked-cyber-influence-ecosystem-threat-intelligence-assessment"}]}],"mitigations":[{"id":"M1031","name":"Network Intrusion Prevention","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1031","kind":"course-of-action","description":"Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool command and control signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","relationship_id":"relationship--34503727-d78b-4e67-b944-83546cc473e2","references":[{"source_name":"University of Birmingham C2","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved September 3, 2026.","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1408.1136"}]},{"id":"M1057","name":"Data Loss Prevention","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1057","kind":"course-of-action","description":"Data loss prevention can detect and block sensitive data being sent over unencrypted protocols.","relationship_id":"relationship--cd857476-0e6f-4ae1-8065-7b1e8e6661b0","references":[]}],"candidates":[{"id":"c9207f3e-213d-4cc7-ad2a-7697a7237df9","name":"Text Based Data Exfiltration using DNS subdomains","platforms":["windows"],"method":"automated","executor":"powershell","elevation_required":false,"dependency_count":0,"cleanup_defined":false,"review_status":"not_individually_reviewed","source_url":"https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/388942adbd9641f4dfdcf079d7efe9a75ec0ac43/atomics/T1041/T1041.yaml","description":"Simulates an adversary using DNS tunneling to exfiltrate data over a Command and Control (C2) channel.\n","inputs":{"dns_server":{"description":"DNS server IP address or domain name.","type":"url","default":"dns.example.com"},"exfiltrated_data":{"description":"Data to be exfiltrated.","type":"string","default":"SecretDataToExfiltrate"},"chunk_size":{"description":"Size of each DNS query chunk (in characters).","type":"integer","default":63}},"dependencies":[],"source_definition_sha256":"28346784ef2b7683e7e40fe9f642dc0bc7a45ef6fd64daba53152469ad5ac998"},{"id":"d1253f6e-c29b-49dc-b466-2147a6191932","name":"C2 Data Exfiltration","platforms":["windows"],"method":"automated","executor":"powershell","elevation_required":false,"dependency_count":0,"cleanup_defined":false,"review_status":"not_individually_reviewed","source_url":"https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/388942adbd9641f4dfdcf079d7efe9a75ec0ac43/atomics/T1041/T1041.yaml","description":"Exfiltrates a file present on the victim machine to the C2 server.\n","inputs":{"destination_url":{"description":"Destination URL to post encoded data.","type":"string","default":"example.com"},"filepath":{"description":"The file which is being exfiltrated to the C2 Server.","type":"path","default":"$env:TEMP\\LineNumbers.txt"}},"dependencies":[],"source_definition_sha256":"92e771056fe517fca6fdb87e9425d24e4cb3f044cb3c718be6e0bc9b65504f4f"}],"simulation":{"atomic_status":"documented_candidate","lab_execution":"not_run","browser_attack_runner":false,"prerequisites":"Use disposable lab hosts and test accounts, explicit target allowlists, a clean snapshot, bounded egress and a restore plan. Review every candidate and dependency before any execution.","scenario":null},"validation":{"source_identity":"checked_against_pinned_source","relationship_join":"exact_ids_no_inheritance","page_contract":"automated_checks_required","sensor_capture":"not_run","detection_backend":"not_run","adversary_simulation":"not_run","independent_incident_fact_check":"not_performed"},"technique_links":{"T1041":"/ttp-simulation/techniques/enterprise/T1041/"},"synthetic":{"schema":"1200km.ttp.collection-fixture.v1","synthetic":true,"technique_key":"enterprise/T1041","purpose":"Collection/parser contract exercise, NOT a positive example or detection of this TTP.","events":[{"schema":"1200km.telemetry.example.v1","synthetic":true,"timestamp":"2026-09-27T12:00:00Z","telemetry_id":"DC0055","collector":"illustrative-lab-collector","observation":{"path":"C:\\Lab\\demo.txt","access":"read","actor":"LAB\\analyst","result":"success"}},{"schema":"1200km.telemetry.example.v1","synthetic":true,"timestamp":"2026-09-27T12:00:00Z","telemetry_id":"DC0082","collector":"illustrative-lab-collector","observation":{"process_guid":"lab-process-001","destination_ip":"198.51.100.20","destination_port":443,"protocol":"tcp","initiated":true}},{"schema":"1200km.telemetry.example.v1","synthetic":true,"timestamp":"2026-09-27T12:00:00Z","telemetry_id":"DC0085","collector":"illustrative-lab-collector","observation":{"flow_id":"lab-flow-1","protocol":"http","method":"GET","path":"/lab-check","payload_excerpt":"LAB_TELEMETRY_CHECK"}},{"schema":"1200km.telemetry.example.v1","synthetic":true,"timestamp":"2026-09-27T12:00:00Z","telemetry_id":"DC0078","collector":"illustrative-lab-collector","observation":{"source_ip":"192.0.2.10","destination_ip":"198.51.100.20","destination_port":443,"protocol":"tcp","bytes_sent":128,"bytes_received":512}},{"schema":"1200km.telemetry.example.v1","synthetic":true,"timestamp":"2026-09-27T12:00:00Z","telemetry_id":"DC0032","collector":"illustrative-lab-collector","observation":{"process_guid":"lab-process-001","image":"C:\\Windows\\System32\\whoami.exe","parent_image":"C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe","command_line":"whoami","user":"LAB\\analyst"}}]}}